LEADER 05357nam 2200661 a 450 001 9910145951803321 005 20230721005059.0 010 $a1-282-29109-2 010 $a9786612291098 010 $a0-470-45181-5 010 $a0-470-45180-7 035 $a(CKB)1000000000719562 035 $a(EBL)427752 035 $a(OCoLC)476270675 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000200503 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11168605 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000200503 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10220288 035 $a(PQKB)10681918 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC427752 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL427752 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10297784 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL229109 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000719562 100 $a20090715d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aMedical imaging$b[electronic resource] $eprinciples, detectors, and electronics /$fedited by Krzysztof Iniewski 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley-Interscience$d2009 215 $a1 online resource (325 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-39164-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aMEDICAL IMAGING; CONTENTS; PREFACE; ABOUT THE EDITOR; CONTRIBUTORS; I X-RAY IMAGING AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; 1 X-Ray and Computed Tomography Imaging Principles; 1.1. Introduction to X-Ray Imaging; 1.2. X-Ray Generation; 1.3. X-Ray Interaction with Matter; 1.4. X-Ray Detection; 1.5. Electronics for X-Ray Detection; 1.6. CT Imaging Principle; 1.7. CT Scanners; 1.8. Color X-Ray Imaging; 1.9. Future of X-Ray and CT Imaging; References; 2 Active Matrix Flat Panel Imagers (AMFPI) for Diagnostic Medical Imaging Applications; 2.1. Introduction; 2.1.1. Digital Imaging; 2.1.2. Detection Schemes 327 $a2.1.3. Chapter Organization 2.2. Pixel Technology; 2.2.1. Operation; 2.2.1.1. Introduction; 2.2.1.2. Operation; 2.2.1.3. Charge Sensing or Voltage Sensing?; 2.2.1.4. Gain and Linearity; 2.2.1.5. Readout Rate; 2.2.2. Fabrication; 2.2.2.1. TFT Structure and Process; 2.2.2.2. Nonoverlapped Electrode Process; 2.2.2.3. Fully Overlapped Process; 2.2.3. TFT Metastability; 2.2.3.1. Physical Mechanisms; 2.2.3.2. Positive Gate Bias Stress; 2.2.3.3. Negative Gate Bias Stress; 2.2.3.4. Effect of DC Bias Stress on Leakage Current; 2.2.3.5. Pulse Bias Metastability; 2.2.4. Electronic Noise 327 $a2.2.4.1. Thermal Noise 2.2.4.2. Flicker Noise; 2.2.4.3. Noise in PPS Pixels; 2.3. Recent Developments; 2.3.1. Current Mode Active Pixel Sensor; 2.3.1.1. Linearity; 2.3.1.2. Gain; 2.3.2. Application to Emerging Diagnostic Medical X-Ray Imaging Modalities; 2.3.2.1. Dual-Mode Radiography/Fluoroscopy (R/F); 2.3.2.2. 3D Mammography Tomosynthesis; References; 3 Circuits for Digital X-Ray Imaging: Counting and Integration; 3.1. Introduction; 3.1.1. Image Formation; 3.1.2. X-Ray Detectors; 3.1.2.1. Indirect Detectors; 3.1.2.2. Direct Detectors; 3.1.2.3. Hybrid Pixel Detectors 327 $a3.1.2.4. Readout Concepts for Hybrid Pixel Detectors 3.2. Circuit Implementation; 3.2.1. The Photon Counter; 3.2.2. The Integrator; 3.2.3. The Feedback Circuit; 3.2.3.1. Feedback and Signal Duplication; 3.2.3.2. Static Leakage Current Compensation; 3.2.3.3. Sampling; 3.3. Experimental Results; 3.3.1. Photon Counter Measurements; 3.3.1.1. Dynamic Range; 3.3.1.2. Electronic Noise; 3.3.1.3. Noise Count Rate; 3.3.2. Integrator Measurements; 3.3.2.1. Dynamic Range; 3.3.2.2. Noise Performance; 3.3.3. Simultaneous Photon Counting and Integration; 3.3.3.1. Total Dynamic Range 327 $a3.3.3.2. Pulse Size Reconstruction 3.3.3.3. Spectral Resolution; 3.3.3.4. Spectral Hardening; 3.4. Conclusion; References; 4 Noise Coupling in Digital X-Ray Imaging; 4.1. Characterization of Noise Problems in Detector Systems; 4.2. Noise Mechanisms in Readout Electronics; 4.2.1. Noise Models; 4.2.1.1. Capacitive Coupling; 4.2.1.2. Impact Ionization; 4.2.2. Physical Properties; 4.2.2.1. Power Distribution Networks; 4.2.2.2. Substrates; 4.3. Simulation Models in Various Design Levels; 4.4. Readout Electronics Noise Coupling in Digital X-Ray Systems 327 $a4.4.1. Noise Coupling Effects on the Design Example System 330 $aA must-read for anyone working in electronics in the healthcare sector This one-of-a-kind book addresses state-of-the-art integrated circuit design in the context of medical imaging of the human body. It explores new opportunities in ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), emerging detector technologies, circuit design techniques, new materials, and innovative system approaches. Divided into four clear parts and with contributions from a panel of international experts, Medical Imaging systematically covers: X-ray imag 606 $aImaging systems in medicine 606 $aMedical electronics 615 0$aImaging systems in medicine. 615 0$aMedical electronics. 676 $a616.0754 676 $a621.3810246160754 700 $aIniewski$b Krzysztof$f1960- 701 $aIniewski$b Krzysztof$0845507 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910145951803321 996 $aMedical imaging$92110862 997 $aUNINA