LEADER 04476nam 2200745 450 001 9910145560403321 005 20220514084403.0 010 $a1-281-20606-7 010 $a9786611206062 010 $a3-540-75561-6 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-540-75561-6 035 $a(CKB)1000000000410837 035 $a(EBL)337575 035 $a(OCoLC)233973573 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000219247 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11196413 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000219247 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10229163 035 $a(PQKB)10223941 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-540-75561-6 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC337575 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6711196 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6711196 035 $a(PPN)123742749 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000410837 100 $a20220514d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPedestrian dynamics $efeedback control of crowd evacuation /$fPushkin Kachroo [and three others] 205 $a1st ed. 2008. 210 1$aBerlin ;$aHeidelberg :$cSpringer,$d[2007] 210 4$dİ2007 215 $a1 online resource (256 p.) 225 1 $aUnderstanding complex systems 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-540-75559-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 233-242) and index. 327 $aTra?c Flow Theory for 1-D -- CrowdModels for 2-D -- Numerical Methods -- Feedback Linearization (1-D Patches) -- Intelligent Evacuation Systems -- Discretized Feedback Control -- Discretized Optimal Control -- Distributed Feedback Control 1-D -- Distributed Feedback Control 2-D -- Robust Feedback Control. 330 $aEffective evacuation of people from closed spaces is an extremely important topic, since it can save real lives in emergency situations that can be brought about by natural and human made disasters. Usually there are static maps posted at various places at buildings that illustrate routes that should be taken during emergencies. However, when disasters happen, some of these routes might not be valid because of structural problems due to the disaster itself and more importantly because of the distribution of congestion of people spread over the area. The average flow of traffic depends on the traffic density. Therefore, if all the people follow the same route, or follow a route without knowing the congestion situation, they can end up being part of the congestion which results in very low flow rate or worse a traffic jam. Hence it becomes extremely important to design evacuations that inform people how fast and in which direction to move based on real-time information obtained about the people distribution using various sensors. The sensors used can include cameras, infra red sensors etc., and the technology used to inform people about the desired movement can be communicated using light matrix, small speakers, and in the future using wireless PDAs. This book provides mathematical models of pedestrian movements that can be used specifically for designing feedback control laws for effective evacuation. The book also provides various feedback control laws to accomplish the effective evacuation. The book uses the hydrodynamic hyperbolic PDE macroscopic pedestrian models since they are amenable to feedback control design. The control designs are obtained through different nonlinear techniques including Lyapunov functional techniques, feedback linearization in the distributed model, and some discretized techniques. 410 0$aUnderstanding complex systems. 606 $aBuildings$xEvacuation$xMathematical models 606 $aFeedback control systems 606 $aCrowd control 606 $aPedestrian areas$xPlanning 606 $aPedestrian traffic flow$xMathematical models 606 $aAudible pedestrian traffic signals 615 0$aBuildings$xEvacuation$xMathematical models. 615 0$aFeedback control systems. 615 0$aCrowd control. 615 0$aPedestrian areas$xPlanning. 615 0$aPedestrian traffic flow$xMathematical models. 615 0$aAudible pedestrian traffic signals. 676 $a620.8 700 $aKachroo$b Pushkin$0719302 701 $aKachroo$b Pushkin$0719302 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910145560403321 996 $aPedestrian dynamics$91396387 997 $aUNINA