LEADER 05416nam 2200649Ia 450 001 9910145282403321 005 20170815112739.0 010 $a1-281-31988-0 010 $a9786611319885 010 $a0-470-98651-4 010 $a0-470-98650-6 035 $a(CKB)1000000000400053 035 $a(EBL)351330 035 $a(OCoLC)476171719 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000218299 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11174982 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000218299 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10212975 035 $a(PQKB)10023072 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC351330 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000400053 100 $a20071030d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aParticulate emissions from vehicles$b[electronic resource] /$fby Peter Eastwood 210 $aChichester, England ;$aHoboken, NJ $cJohn Wiley & Sons$dc2008 215 $a1 online resource (513 p.) 225 1 $aWiley-professional engineering publishing series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-72455-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [399]-400) and index. 327 $aParticulate Emissions from Vehicles; Contents; Preface; Acronyms and Abbreviations; About the Author; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Air Traffic; 1.2 Motor Vehicles; 1.3 The Legislative Framework; 2 Fundamentals; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Properties of Aerosol Particles; 2.2.1 Diameter and Shape; 2.2.2 Size Distribution; 2.2.3 Transport and Deposition; 2.2.4 Transformation and Mutation; 2.3 Particles in the Atmosphere; 2.3.1 Character and Behaviour; 2.3.2 Aerosols in Nature; 2.3.3 Anthropogenic Aerosols; 2.3.4 Environmental Implications; 2.4 Motor Vehicle Particulate; 2.4.1 Some Typical Particles Dissected 327 $a2.4.2 What Happens Within the Engine2.4.3 What Happens Within the Exhaust; 2.4.4 Number Versus Mass; 2.5 Closure; 2.5.1 Properties of Aerosol Particles; 2.5.2 Particles in the Atmosphere; 2.5.3 Motor Vehicle Particulate; 3 Formation I: Composition; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Carbonaceous Fraction: I. Classical Models; 3.2.1 Empiricisms; 3.2.2 Inception; 3.2.3 Surface Growth; 3.2.4 Agglomeration; 3.2.5 Oxidation; 3.3 Carbonaceous Fraction: II. The Combusting Plume; 3.3.1 Historical Overview; 3.3.2 Premixed Burn; 3.3.3 Mixing-controlled Burn; 3.3.4 Late Burn 327 $a3.4 Carbonaceous Fraction: III. Wall Interactions3.4.1 Theoretical; 3.4.2 Experimental; 3.5 Ash Fraction; 3.5.1 Chemical Reactions; 3.5.2 Gas-to-Particle Conversion; 3.6 Organic Fraction; 3.6.1 Preparatory Chemical Reactions; 3.6.2 Chemical Reactions in the Exhaust; 3.6.3 Gas-to-Particle Conversion: Models; 3.6.4 Gas-to-Particle Conversion: Measurements; 3.6.5 White Smoke; 3.7 Sulphate Fraction; 3.7.1 Chemical Reactions; 3.7.2 Gas-to-Particle Conversion; 3.8 Closure; 3.8.1 Carbonaceous Fraction I. Classical Models; 3.8.2 Carbonaceous Fraction II. The Combusting Plume 327 $a3.8.3 Carbonaceous Fraction III. Wall Interactions3.8.4 Ash Fraction; 3.8.5 Organic Fraction; 3.8.6 Sulphate Fraction; 4 Formation II: Location; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Within the Exhaust System; 4.2.1 Storage and Release; 4.2.2 Deposition Within Catalysts; 4.3 Within the Exhaust Plume; 4.3.1 Long-term Ageing in the Atmosphere; 4.4 Within the Transfer Line; 4.5 Within the Dilution Tunnel; 4.6 On the Filter; 4.7 Closure; 4.7.1 Within the Exhaust System; 4.7.2 Within the Exhaust Plume; 4.7.3 Within the Transfer Line; 4.7.4 Within the Dilution Tunnel; 4.7.5 On the Filter; 4.7.6 General Remarks 327 $a5 Measurement5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Particulate Measured Conventionally; 5.2.1 Drawing a Sample of Exhaust Gas; 5.2.2 Diluting the Exhaust; 5.2.3 Collection onto a Filter; 5.2.4 Fractionation by Gasification; 5.2.5 Fractionation by Dissolution; 5.2.6 Chemically Assaying the Organic Fraction; 5.2.7 Biologically Assaying the Organic Fraction; 5.3 Particulate Measured Individually; 5.3.1 Inertial Mobility; 5.3.2 Electrical Mobility; 5.3.3 Laser-induced Incandescence; 5.3.4 Light Scattering; 5.4 Particulate Measured Collectively; 5.4.1 Photoacousticity; 5.4.2 Photoelectric and Diffusion Charging 327 $a5.4.3 Electrical Charge 330 $aThe public health risks posed by automotive particulate emissions are well known. Such particles are sufficiently small to reach the deepest regions of the lungs; and moreover act as carriers for many potentially toxic substances. Historically, diesel engines have been singled out in this regard, but recent research shows the need to consider particulate emissions from gasoline engines as well. Already implicated in more than one respiratory disease, the strongest evidence in recent times points to particle-mediated cardiovascular disorders (strokes and heart attacks). Accordingly, legislation 410 0$aWiley-professional engineering publishing series. 606 $aAutomobiles$xMotors$xExhaust gas 606 $aAir$xPollution 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aAutomobiles$xMotors$xExhaust gas. 615 0$aAir$xPollution. 676 $a629.25/28 676 $a629.2528 700 $aEastwood$b Peter$f1963-$0542664 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910145282403321 996 $aParticulate emissions from vehicles$92198478 997 $aUNINA