LEADER 05410nam 2200685Ia 450 001 9910144329703321 005 20230721030221.0 010 $a1-281-21739-5 010 $a9786611217396 010 $a0-470-25857-8 010 $a0-470-25856-X 035 $a(CKB)1000000000376230 035 $a(EBL)331620 035 $a(OCoLC)646742182 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000273991 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11214896 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000273991 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10323136 035 $a(PQKB)10079681 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC331620 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL331620 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10225354 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL121739 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000376230 100 $a20070824d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe working back$b[electronic resource] $ea systems view /$fWilliam S. Marras 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley-Interscience$dc2008 215 $a1 online resource (321 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-13405-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographic references and index. 327 $aTHE WORKING BACK; CONTENTS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Audience for the Book; 1.2 Apolitical Causality Assessment; 1.3 A Systems View of Low Back Pain Causality; 1.4 The Reality of Work; 1.5 How Might the Different Aspects of Work Be Associated with Back Pain; 1.6 Organization of the Book; CHAPTER 2 BACK PAIN MAGNITUDE AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS; 2.1 What is Back Pain?; 2.2 How Common is Back Pain?; 2.3 Back Pain at Work; 2.4 Epidemiology of Work Risk Factors; 2.5 Epidemiology of Physical Risk Factors; 2.6 Epidemiology of Individual (Personal) Risk Factors; 2.6.1 Age 327 $a2.6.2 Gender2.6.3 Anthropometry; 2.6.4 Fitness/Strength; 2.6.5 Alcohol; 2.6.6 Smoking; 2.6.7 Heredity/Genetics; 2.6.8 Social Class and Psychological Factors; 2.7 Epidemiology of Work-Related Psychosocial/Organizational Factors; 2.8 Potential Interaction of Physical and Psychosocial Factors; Key Points; CHAPTER 3 FUNCTION, STRUCTURE, AND SUPPORT OF THE BACK; 3.1 Body Coordinates; 3.2 Bony Structures of the Spine; 3.3 The Disc (and the Spinal Joint); 3.4 Functional Spinal Unit; 3.5 Spine Support; 3.6 Ligaments; 3.7 Muscles; 3.8 Fascia; 3.9 Nerves; 3.10 Blood Vessels 327 $a3.11 End Plates and Nutrition3.12 Facets; 3.13 The System; Key Points; CHAPTER 4 THE PROCESS OF PAIN; 4.1 What is Pain?; 4.2 Origins of Pain; 4.3 Pain Transmission; 4.4 The Pain Process; 4.5 The Inflammatory Process (Cytokines); 4.6 Peripheral Nervous System Sensitization; 4.7 Neuropathic Pain: The Cytokine Cascade and Nerve Sensitization; 4.8 Pain Mechanisms of the Central Nervous System; 4.9 Role of the Environment in Central Sensitization; 4.10 Implications for Low Back Pain; 4.11 Nerves at Risk of Sensitization; 4.12 Tissues at Risk of Sensitization; 4.13 Disk and Nerve Roots 327 $a4.14 Facet Joints4.15 Muscular-Based Pain; 4.16 Lumbar Nerve Roots; 4.17 Relationship between Tissue Loading and Pain; 4.18 Conclusions; Key Points; CHAPTER 5 POTENTIAL PATHWAYS TO BACK PAIN; 5.1 Views of Back Pain Causality; 5.2 A Unifying Model of Low Back Pain Pathways; 5.3 The Support Structure Disruption Pathways; 5.3.1 Support Structure Tolerance; 5.4 Disc Tolerance Summary; 5.5 Pain Tolerance; 5.6 The Muscle Function Disruption Pathway; 5.7 The Role of Individual Differences in the Pain Pathways; 5.8 System Feedback; 5.9 Summary; Key Points 327 $aCHAPTER 6 THE ASSESSMENT OF BIOMECHANICAL FORCES ACTING ON THE LOW BACK6.1 Biomechanical Concepts Applicable to the Back; 6.1.1 Load Tolerance; 6.1.2 Moments and Levers; 6.1.3 External Versus Internal Loading; 6.2 How can we Modify Internal Spine Loads?; 6.2.1 Biomechanical Arrangement of the Musculoskeletal Lever System; 6.2.2 Length-Strength Relationship; 6.2.3 The Impact of Velocity on Muscle Force; 6.2.4 Temporal Relationships; 6.3 Incorporating Spine Load Reductions into the Work System; 6.4 Loading of the Lumbar Spine; 6.5 Spine Load Assessments; 6.6 Models of Spine Load 327 $a6.7 Biologically Driven Modeling of Spine Loading 330 $aA systems approach to understanding and minimizing the causes of low back pain in the workplaceLow back pain affects 80% of the population at some point during their lifetime; it is responsiblefor over 40% of the compensation costs for work-related injuries. This book provides an understanding of the mechanisms influencing low back pain in the workplace and indicates how low back pain might be prevented, saving employers extraordinary amounts in medical costs and protecting workers from the most common on-the-job injury. With a unique, multidisciplinary perspective that shows how vario 606 $aBackache$xEtiology 606 $aBackache$xRisk factors 606 $aOccupational diseases 606 $aHuman engineering 615 0$aBackache$xEtiology. 615 0$aBackache$xRisk factors. 615 0$aOccupational diseases. 615 0$aHuman engineering. 676 $a617.5/64 700 $aMarras$b William S$g(William Steven),$f1952-$0868219 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910144329703321 996 $aThe working back$91938126 997 $aUNINA