LEADER 05393nam 22006854a 450 001 9910143450103321 005 20170809162239.0 010 $a1-280-21354-X 010 $a9786610213542 010 $a1-4051-2350-8 010 $a0-470-98831-2 010 $a1-4051-4730-X 035 $a(CKB)1000000000351720 035 $a(EBL)238370 035 $a(OCoLC)475948037 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000120476 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11145888 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000120476 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10080883 035 $a(PQKB)11076991 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC238370 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000351720 100 $a20010711d2001 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aChemical speciation in the environment$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by A.M. Ure and C.M. Davidson 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aOxford ;$aMalden, MA $cBlackwell Science$d2001 215 $a1 online resource (472 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-632-05848-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aChemical Speciation in the Environment; List of contributors; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The need for speciation; 1.2 Aims and structure of the book; 1.3 Definition of speciation; Acknowledgement; References; Part I: Techniques for speciation; 2 General strategies for speciation; 2.1 Speciation - the analytical challenge; 2.1.1 Introduction; 2.1.2 Disturbance of equilibrium state; 2.1.3 Speciation based on calculation methods; 2.2 Experimental approaches to speciation; 2.2.1 Technique selection guidelines; 2.2.2 Selective measuring techniques 327 $a2.2.3 Preliminary fractionation strategies2.3 Fractionation of species based on selective sizing; 2.3.1 Sizing based on sieving and centrifuging; 2.3.2 Ultra-filtration, dialysis and gel permeation chromatography; 2.4 Differentiation on the basis of charge and size effects; 2.4.1 Electrophoresis (flat bed and capillary); 2.4.2 Ion-exchange columns; 2.4.3 Chelating resins; 2.4.4 Adsorption columns; 2.4.5 Liquid-liquid extraction; 2.5 Chromatographic methods of separation; 2.5.1 Open-column liquid chromatography; 2.5.2 High-performance liquid chromatography; 2.5.3 Ion chromatography 327 $a2.5.4 Gas chromatography2.5.5 Supercritical fluid chromatography; 2.5.6 Planar chromatography; 2.6 Selective chemical extraction; 2.6.1 Sub-division of element content of soils and sediments on the basis of chemical reactivity; 2.6.2 Speciation schemes for soils and sediments; 2.6.3 Speciation strategies; 2.6.4 'Labile metal' determinations; 2.7 Electro-analytical speciation techniques; 2.7.1 Role of electro-analytical techniques; 2.7.2 Potentiometry using ion-selective electrodes; 2.7.3 Polarography; 2.7.4 Stripping voltammetry; 2.7.4.1 Anodic stripping voltammetry 327 $a2.7.4.2 Potentiometric stripping voltammetry2.7.4.3 Cathodic stripping voltammetry; 2.7.5 Amperometric titrations and electro-chemical detectors; 2.8 Concluding comments; References; Further reading; 3 Direct methods of metal speciation; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Identification methods; 3.2.1 Co-chromatography; 3.2.2 Radioactive tracers; 3.2.3 Electronic spectroscopy; 3.2.4 Optical activity - the Cotton effect; 3.2.5 Magnetic susceptibility; 3.2.6 Vibrational spectroscopy; 3.2.6.1 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; 3.2.6.2 Raman spectroscopy; 3.2.7 Magnetic resonance techniques 327 $a3.2.7.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy3.2.7.2 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy; 3.2.7.3 Double resonance techniques; 3.2.8 Nuclear spectroscopic techniques; 3.2.8.1 Mossbauer spectroscopy; 3.2.8.2 Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy; 3.2.9 X-ray techniques; 3.2.9.1 Crystallographic X-ray diffraction; 3.2.9.2 Photoelectron spectroscopy; 3.3 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Hybrid methods of speciation; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Separation techniques; 4.3 Gas chromatography 327 $a4.3.1 GC coupled with atomic absorption spectrometric detection (GC-AAS) 330 $aConsiderable recent research has focused on the topic of chemical speciation in the environment. It is increasingly realised that the distribution, mobility and biological availability of chemical elements depend not simply on their concentrations but, critically, on the forms in which they occur in natural systems. Continuing developments in analytical chemistry have made speciation practicable even where analytes are present at trace levels (as is often the case in natural samples). In the second edition of this book, the expertise of scientists involved in chemical speciation in variou 606 $aSpeciation (Chemistry) 606 $aChemistry, Analytic 606 $aEnvironmental chemistry 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aSpeciation (Chemistry) 615 0$aChemistry, Analytic. 615 0$aEnvironmental chemistry. 676 $a577.14 676 $a577/.14 701 $aUre$b A. M$0946865 701 $aDavidson$b C. M$0946866 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910143450103321 996 $aChemical speciation in the environment$92139182 997 $aUNINA