LEADER 05145nam 22006974a 450 001 9910143406703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-27746-7 010 $a9786610277469 010 $a0-470-24689-8 010 $a0-471-73936-7 010 $a0-471-73935-9 035 $a(CKB)1000000000355066 035 $a(EBL)238771 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000231249 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11193167 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000231249 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10197936 035 $a(PQKB)10351544 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC238771 035 $a(CaSebORM)9780471736103 035 $a(OCoLC)124082433 035 $a(PPN)241633508 035 $a(OCoLC)858671153 035 $a(OCoLC)ocn858671153 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000355066 100 $a20050211d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aQuantum approach to informatics /$fStig Stenholm, Kalle-Antti Suominen 205 $a1st edition 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley-Interscience$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (252 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-471-73610-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 229-234) and index. 327 $aQUANTUM APPROACH TO INFORMATICS; CONTENTS; PREFACE; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Quantum Information Unit; 1.3 Representation of the Qubit; 1.3.1 Bloch Sphere; 1.3.2 Poincare? Sphere; 1.4 The Appetizer: Secure Communication; 1.5 References; 2 QUANTUM THEORY; 2.1 Quantum Mechanics; 2.1.1 Structure of Quantum Theory; 2.1.2 Quantum Ensembles; 2.2 Nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics; 2.2.1 Nonsignaling by Quantum Observations; 2.2.2 No Cloning of Quantum States; 2.2.3 Teleportation; 2.2.4 Bell Inequalities; 2.2.5 GHZ States and Reality; 2.3 The Process of Measurement 327 $a2.3.1 Introducing the Meter2.3.2 Measurement Transformation; 2.3.3 Observation on Nonorthogonal States; 2.3.4 Special Cases; 2.4 Introduction of Irreversibility; 2.4.1 Master Equation; 2.4.2 Unraveling the Master Equation; 2.4.3 Continuous Measurements; 2.4.4 Completely Positive Maps; 2.5 References; 3 QUANTUM COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION; 3.1 Classical Communication; 3.1.1 Information Theory; 3.1.2 Coding Theory; 3.2 Quantum Communication; 3.2.1 Quantum Information; 3.2.2 Quantum Channel; 3.2.3 Use of Generalized Measurements; 3.2.4 Neumark Extension; 3.3 Distance Between States 327 $a3.3.1 Trace Distance3.3.2 Fidelity; 3.3.3 Relative Entropy; 3.4 References; 4 QUANTUM COMPUTING; 4.1 Logic Operations; 4.1.1 Classical Logic Operations; 4.1.2 Quantum Logic Functions; 4.1.3 Simple Quantum Operations; 4.1.4 The Deutsch Problem; 4.2 The Computer; 4.2.1 Classical Universal Computer; 4.2.2 Computational Complexity; 4.2.3 Quantum Computer; 4.2.4 Quantum Computing Circuits; 4.2.5 Universal Quantum Gates; 4.2.6 Quantum Measurement Circuit; 4.2.7 Quantum Fourier Transform; 4.3 Quantum Algorithms; 4.3.1 Public Key Code; 4.3.2 Quantum Factoring Algorithm; 4.3.3 Quantum Algorithms 327 $a4.4 Errors in Quantum Computing4.4.1 Types of Errors in Quantum States; 4.4.2 Quantum Error Correction; 4.5 Energetics of Quantum Computations; 4.5.1 Energy Used by a Classical Computer; 4.5.2 Resetting Energy; 4.6 References; 5 PHYSICAL REALIZATION OF QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING; 5.1 General Considerations; 5.2 Requirements for Quantum Computers; 5.3 Logic in Electromagnetic Cavities; 5.3.1 Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics; 5.3.2 Conditional Logic; 5.3.3 Dissipative Processes in Cavity QED; 5.4 Logic with Ions in Traps; 5.4.1 Trapping Cool Ions; 5.4.2 Quantum Logic in an Ion Trap 327 $a5.4.3 Computing with Hot Ions5.5 Solid-State Systems; 5.5.1 General Considerations; 5.5.2 Special Examples; 5.6 Macromolecules and Optical Lattices; 5.6.1 Nuclear Spin in Molecules; 5.6.2 Optical Lattices; 5.7 Conclusions; 5.8 References; REFERENCES; INDEX 330 $aAn essential overview of quantum informationInformation, whether inscribed as a mark on a stone tablet or encoded as a magnetic domain on a hard drive, must be stored in a physical object and thus made subject to the laws of physics. Traditionally, information processing such as computation occurred in a framework governed by laws of classical physics. However, information can also be stored and processed using the states of matter described by non-classical quantum theory. Understanding this quantum information, a fundamentally different type of information, has been a major project o 606 $aQuantum theory$xMathematics 606 $aComputer science$xMathematics 606 $aQuantum computers 615 0$aQuantum theory$xMathematics. 615 0$aComputer science$xMathematics. 615 0$aQuantum computers. 676 $a530.12 700 $aStenholm$b Stig$050741 701 $aSuominen$b Kalle-Antti$f1964-$0521579 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910143406703321 996 $aQuantum approach to informatics$9837354 997 $aUNINA