LEADER 02710nam 2200637 450 001 9910485584703321 005 20220419000306.0 010 $a3-653-04801-X 010 $a3-631-70436-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000001087258 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4818652 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/70825 035 $a(PPN)229141021 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001087258 100 $a20170316h20172017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aThrough the back door $ethe black market in Poland, 1944-1989 /$fJerzy Kochanowski 210 $aBern$cPeter Lang International Academic Publishing Group$d2017 210 1$aFrankfurt am Main, [Germany] :$cPeter Lang Edition,$d2017. 210 4$d©2017 215 $a1 online resource (438 pages) 225 0 $aStudies in Contemporary History,$x2364-2874 ;$vVolume 5 311 $a3-631-65585-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 330 $aThis book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc. 606 $aBlack market$zPoland$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aScarcity$zPoland$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aPoland$xEconomic conditions$y1981-1990 607 $aPoland$xEconomic conditions$y1945-1981 607 $aPoland$xSocial conditions$y1945- 610 $a1944?1989 610 $aBlack 610 $aBlack market 610 $aDoor 610 $aHard currencies 610 $aIllegal economy 610 $aKochanowski 610 $aMarket 610 $aMeat 610 $aMoonshine 610 $aPoland 615 0$aBlack market$xHistory 615 0$aScarcity$xHistory 676 $a381 700 $aKochanowski$b Jerzy$0974088 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910485584703321 996 $aThrough the back door$92217406 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01096cam0-22003611i-450 001 990004271220403321 005 20240116123704.0 010 $z90-272-4106-5 035 $a000427122 035 $aFED01000427122 035 $a(Aleph)000427122FED01 100 $a19990604d1992----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aeng 102 $aNL 105 $ay-------001yy 200 1 $aUtterance structure$edeveloping grammars again$fWolfgang Klein and Clive Perdue$gin cooperation with Mary Carroll, Josée Coenen ... [et al.] 210 $aAmsterdam$cBenjamins$d1992 215 $aXV, 354 p.$d23 cm 225 1 $aStudies in bilingualism$v5 610 0 $aLingue straniere$aApprendimento 610 0 $aGrammatica 676 $a401.93 700 1$aKlein,$bWolfgang$0153645 701 1$aPerdue,$bClive$0168397 702 1$aCarroll,$bMary 702 1$aCoenen,$bJosée 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$c20050208$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990004271220403321 952 $a418 KLE 01$bDip.fil.m.10968$fFLFBC 959 $aFLFBC 996 $aUtterance structure$9490334 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01221oam 2200361z- 450 001 9910143048903321 005 20241212215510.0 010 $a9781509097838 010 $a150909783X 035 $a(CKB)1000000000331334 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000331334 100 $a20220608c2006uuuu -u- - 101 0 $aeng 200 10$a2006 International Conference on Information and Automation $eColombo, Sri Lanka, 15-17 December 2006 210 $cIEEE 311 08$a9781424405541 311 08$a1424405548 311 08$a9781424405558 311 08$a1424405556 517 $aNetworking and the International Conference on Systems 517 $a2006 International Conference on Information and Automation 531 $aINFORMATION & AUTOMATION, 2006. ICIA 2006. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 606 $aAutomation$vCongresses 606 $aRobots$xControl systems$vCongresses 606 $aArtificial intelligence$vCongresses 615 0$aAutomation 615 0$aRobots$xControl systems 615 0$aArtificial intelligence 676 $a006.3 906 $aPROCEEDING 912 $a9910143048903321 996 $a2006 International Conference on Information and Automation$92870238 997 $aUNINA