LEADER 05362nam 2200745Ia 450 001 9910141721403321 005 20221024061559.0 010 $a9781118332412 010 $a1-118-94127-6 010 $a1-78684-224-6 010 $a1-118-33240-7 010 $a1-78402-018-4 010 $a1-118-34139-2 010 $a1-283-64445-2 010 $a1-118-33238-5 035 $a(CKB)2560000000152080 035 $a(EBL)1031865 035 $a(OCoLC)781432672 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1031865 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4956426 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4956426 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL395695 035 $a(PPN)236213008 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000152080 100 $a20120316d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 04$aThe handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aChichester, West Sussex, UK ;$aMalden, MA $cWiley-Blackwell$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (966 p.) 225 1 $aBlackwell handbooks in linguistics 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4443-3490-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aTitle page; Copyright page; Contents; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Introduction; Part I: Overview and Foundations; Introduction; 1: Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Some Central Concepts; Introduction; A Multilingual World; Classifying Multilingualism; Dealing with Multilingual Realities; The Definition and Measurement of Personal Fluencies; The Bilingual or Multilingual Individual; Perspectives on Theory and Practice; Language and Identity; Notes; References; 2: Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Bilingualism and Multilingualism Research 327 $aThe Fundamentals for Bilingualism and Multilingualism Linguistic diversity: What does it mean?; Language contact; Learning, using, and managing multiple languages; Research Traditions and Methodological Perspectives; Psycholinguistic approaches; Linguistic approaches; Sociolinguistic approaches; Towards a Transdisciplinarity: Challenges and Future Directions; References; Part II: Neurological and Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism; Introduction; The Neurology of Bilingualism and Multilingualism; 3: Bilingual Aphasia: Theoretical and Clinical Considerations; Introduction 327 $aIssues in the Case Literature on Bilingual or Polyglot Aphasias Methodological Concerns in the Bilingual Aphasia Case Literature; Models of Bilingual Processing that Address Bilingual Aphasia; The declarative/procedural memory model; The inhibitory control model; Hierarchical (translation) models; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Approaches to Bilingualism, Multilingualism, and Second-Language Acquisition; 4: The Bilingual Child; Introduction; Speech Perception; Speech Production; Word Learning; Morphology, Syntax, Language Differentiation, and Cross-Linguistic Influence 327 $aCognitive Correlates of Bilingualism More to Bilingual Acquisition: Similarities, Differences, Challenges, and Opportunities; References; 5: Bilingualism/Multilingualism and Second-Language Acquisition; Introduction; Definitions of Bilinguals and Multilinguals; The Complexity of Understanding Bilingualism and Multilingualism; Conceptualizing and Assessing Language Proficiency; Age and L2 Acquisition; The Interaction between L1 and L2 (or Additional Nonnative Languages); Conclusion; Notes; References; 6: Multilingualism: New Perspectives on Syntactic Development; Introduction 327 $aKey Issues in First- and Second-Language Acquisition The issue of access to Universal Grammar in L2 acquisition; The issue of 'transfer' from L1 to L2; Multilingual Acquisition; Theoretical Background; The complementizer phrase (CP) setup; Background Studies; Design; Results; Berkes and Flynn; Research Focus; Enhancement Study; Predictions; Design and subjects' data; Results; Discussion; Conclusions; Notes; References; 7: Bilingualism and the Heritage Language Speaker; Some Variables that Characterize Bilinguals; Heritage Language Speakers; Linguistic Competence in the Heritage Language 327 $aFrom First and Primary Language to Secondary Language 330 $a"This impressive, greatly expanded and authoritative collection of established and emerging research topics in bi- and multilingualism challenges a monolingualist mindset that has dominated thinking about language, mind, and nation-state." Jyotsna Vaid, Texas A&M University 410 0$aBlackwell handbooks in linguistics 606 $aBilingüisme$2thub 606 $aMultilingüisme$2thub 606 $aBilingualism 606 $aMultilingualism 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 7$aBilingüisme 615 7$aMultilingüisme 615 0$aBilingualism. 615 0$aMultilingualism. 676 $a404/.2 701 $aBhatia$b Tej K$0166747 701 $aRitchie$b William C$0185949 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910141721403321 996 $aThe handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism$92252740 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05450nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910781601403321 005 20230525180917.0 010 $a1-283-32773-2 010 $a9786613327734 010 $a90-272-7545-9 035 $a(CKB)2550000000063933 035 $a(EBL)795691 035 $a(OCoLC)762097046 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000992487 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11635044 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000992487 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10934066 035 $a(PQKB)10101484 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC795691 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL795691 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10509460 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL332773 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000063933 100 $a20001012d2000 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDegrees of restructuring in Creole languages /$feditors, Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh, Edgar W. Schneider 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia $cJ. Benjamins$dc2000 215 $a1 online resource (498 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aCreole language library,$x0920-9026 ;$vv. 22 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a90-272-5244-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and indexes. 327 $aDEGREES OF RESTRUCTURING IN CREOLE LANGUAGES; Editorial page; Title page; Copyright page; Table of contents; Introduction: ""Degrees of restructuring"" in creole languages?; Acknowledgements; References; Semi-creolization: Problemsin the development of theory; 1. Introduction; 2. Semi-creolization versus decreolization; 3. African American Vernacular English; 4. Brazilian Vernacular Portuguese; 5. Non-standard varieties of Caribbean Spanish (NSCS); 6. Afrikaans; 7. Re?unionnais; 8. Conclusions; References; Theories of creolization and the degree and nature of restructuring; 1. Introduction 327 $a2. Theoretical approaches; 2.1. The Bickerton approach; 2.2. The gradual basilectalization approach; 2.3. Lefebvre 's relexifi?cation hypothesis; 2.4. Mainstream approaches; 3. A constructive approach; 4. Restructuring and ""typical"" creole features; 5. Conclusions; References; Creolization is a social, not a structural, process; 1. Introduction; 2. Creoles as outcomes of natural and normal language evolution; 3. The developers of creoles had target systems; 4. Creoles as disfranchised dialects of their lexifiers; 5. Is there justification for specializing on creoles?; 6. In conclusion 327 $aReferences; Defining ""creole"" as a synchronic term; 1. Introduction; 2. Epistemology of the Creole Prototype; 3. Specifying the three traits of the Creole Prototype; 3.1. Inflectional affixation; 3.2. Tone; 3.3. Noncompositional derivation; 4. The gradience of the Prototype; 4.1. Typological similarity of source languages; 4.2. Diachronic drift; 4.3. Heavy substrate contact; 4.4. Heavy superstrate contact; 4.5. Implications for the Creole Prototype Hypothes is; 5. Situating gradience within the model: Demonstration case - Haitian Creole; 5.1. Haitian ""inflection""? 327 $a5.2. Noncompos itional derivation; 5.3. Haitian within the Creole Prototype model: Still in the middle; 5.3.1. Import of Haitian derivation; 5.3.2. Accounting for gradience: Predictions from other perspectives; 5.3.3. Accounting for gradience: Specifying sociohistorical conditions for the Prototype; 6. Older languages conforming to the Prototype?; 7. Conclusion; References; Opposite processes in ""creolization""; References; Two types of restructuring in French creoles: A cognitive approach to the genesis of tense markers; 1. Grammaticalization: a cognitive-pragmatic approach 327 $a1.1. The initial stages of grammaticalization; 1.2. Polygenetic meaning change and grammaticalization: French Creole fini; 1.3. Later stages of grammaticalization: the loss of present relevance; 2. Reanalysis in creolization; 2.1. The principle of restructuring in the FrCr's; 2.2. Creole tense markers brought about by reanalysis; 2.3. Conclusion; 3. Reanalysis or grammaticalization? Sorting out the FrCr future markers; References; The fate of subject pronouns: Evidence from creole and non-creole languages; 1. Introduction; 2. From subject pronoun to predicate marker: Evidence from creole languages 330 $aBasic notions in the field of creole studies, including the category of "creole languages" itself, have been questioned in recent years: Can creoles be defined on structural or on purely sociohistorical grounds? Can creolization be understood as a graded process, possibly resulting in different degrees of "radicalness" and intermediate language types ("semi-creoles")? If so, by which linguistic structures are these characterized, and by which extralinguistic conditions have they been brought about? 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