LEADER 05332nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910140557103321 005 20170814175730.0 010 $a1-282-68866-9 010 $a9786612688669 010 $a3-527-63031-7 010 $a3-527-63032-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000019014 035 $a(EBL)530452 035 $a(OCoLC)632157676 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000424800 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11311038 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000424800 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10475152 035 $a(PQKB)11369711 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC530452 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000019014 100 $a20100612d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aOxide scale behaviour in high temperature metal processing$b[electronic resource] /$fMichal Krzyzanowski, John H. Beynon, and Didier C.J. Farrugia 210 $aWeinheim $cWiley-VCH Verlag$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (388 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-32518-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aOxide Scale Behaviour in High Temperature Metal Processing; Contents; Preface; 1: Introduction; 2: A Pivotal Role of Secondary Oxide Scale During Hot Rolling and for Subsequent Product Quality; 2.1 Friction; 2.2 Heat Transfer; 2.3 Thermal Evolution in Hot Rolling; 2.4 Secondary Scale-Related Defects; References; 3: Scale Growth and Formation of Subsurface Layers; 3.1 High-Temperature Oxidation of Steel; 3.2 Short-Time Oxidation of Steel; 3.3 Scale Growth at Continuous Cooling; 3.4 Plastic Deformation of Oxide Scales; 3.5 Formation and Structure of the Subsurface Layer in Aluminum Rolling 327 $aReferences4: Methodology Applied for Numerical Characterization of Oxide Scale in Thermomechanical Processing; 4.1 Combination of Experiments and Computer Modeling: A Key for Scale Characterization; 4.2 Prediction of Mild Steel Oxide Failure at Entry Into the Roll Gap as an Example of the Numerical Characterization of the Secondary Scale Behavior; 4.2.1 Evaluation of Strains Ahead of Entry into the Roll Gap; 4.2.2 The Tensile Failure of Oxide Scale Under Hot Rolling Conditions; 4.2.3 Prediction of Steel Oxide Failure During Tensile Testing 327 $a4.2.4 Prediction of Scale Failure at Entry into the Roll Gap4.2.5 Verification Using Stalled Hot Rolling Testing; References; 5: Making Measurements of Oxide Scale Behavior Under Hot Working Conditions; 5.1 Laboratory Rolling Experiments; 5.2 Multipass Laboratory Rolling Testing; 5.3 Hot Tensile Testing; 5.4 Hot Plane Strain Compression Testing; 5.5 Hot Four-Point Bend Testing; 5.6 Hot Tension Compression Testing; 5.7 Bend Testing at the Room Temperature; References; 6: Numerical Interpretation of Test Results: A Way Toward Determining the Most Critical Parameters of Oxide Scale Behavior 327 $a6.1 Numerical Interpretation of Modified Hot Tensile Testing6.2 Numerical Interpretation of Plane Strain Compression Testing; 6.3 Numerical Interpretation of Hot Four-Point Bend Testing; 6.4 Numerical Interpretation of Hot Tension-Compression Testing; 6.5 Numerical Interpretation of Bend Testing at Room Temperature; References; 7: Physically Based Finite Element Model of the Oxide Scale: Assumptions, Numerical Techniques, Examples of Prediction; 7.1 Multilevel Analysis; 7.2 Fracture, Ductile Behavior, and Sliding; 7.3 Delamination, Multilayer Scale, Scale on Roll, and Multipass Rolling 327 $a7.4 Combined Discrete/Finite Element ApproachReferences; 8: Understanding and Predicting Microevents Related to Scale Behavior and Formation of Subsurface Layers; 8.1 Surface Scale Evolution in the Hot Rolling of Steel; 8.2 Crack Development in Steel Oxide Scale Under Hot Compression; 8.3 Oxide Scale Behavior and Composition Effects; 8.4 Surface Finish in the Hot Rolling of Low-Carbon Steel; 8.5 Analysis of Mechanical Descaling: Low-Carbon and Stainless Steel; 8.6 Evaluation of Interfacial Heat Transfer During Hot Steel Rolling Assuming Scale Failure Effects 327 $a8.7 Scale Surface Roughness in Hot Rolling 330 $aThe result of a fruitful, on-going collaboration between academia and industry, this book reviews recent advances in research on oxide scale behavior in high-temperature forming processes. Presenting novel, previously neglected approaches, the authors emphasize the pivotal role of reproducible experiments to elucidate the oxide scale properties and develop quantitative models with predictive accuracy. Each chapter consists of a detailed, systematic examination of different aspects of oxide scale formation with immediate impact for researchers and developers in industry. The clear and strin 606 $aMetals$xHeat treatment 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aMetals$xHeat treatment. 676 $a620.1617 676 $a671.36 700 $aKrzyz?anowski$b Micha?$0968927 701 $aBeynon$b J. H$g(John Herbert)$0968928 701 $aFarrugia$b Didier C. J$0968929 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910140557103321 996 $aOxide scale behaviour in high temperature metal processing$92201326 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05878nam 2200781 450 001 9910131621203321 005 20220504185248.0 010 $a1-118-68351-X 010 $a1-118-68295-5 035 $a(CKB)3710000000461434 035 $a(EBL)2055784 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001530915 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12622303 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001530915 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11532663 035 $a(PQKB)10523815 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16038151 035 $a(PQKB)24890373 035 $a(DLC) 2015017584 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2055784 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL2055784 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11090366 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL822799 035 $a(OCoLC)918624512 035 $a(PPN)229822916 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000461434 100 $a20150420d2015 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLignin and lignans as renewable raw materials $echemistry, technology and applications /$fFrancisco G. Calvo-Flores, Jose? A. Dobado, Joaqui?n I. Garcia and Francisco J. Marti?n-Marti?nez 210 1$aChichester, West Sussex :$cJohn Wiley and Sons, Incorporated,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (521 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in renewable resources 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-118-68278-5 311 $a1-118-59786-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Title Page; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Series Preface; Preface; List of Acronyms; List of Symbols; Part I Introduction; Chapter 1 Background and Overview; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Lignin: Economical Aspects and Sustainability; 1.3 Structure of the Book; References; Part II What is Lignin?; Chapter 2 Structure and Physicochemical Properties; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Monolignols, The Basis of a Complex Architecture; 2.3 Chemical Classification of Lignins; 2.4 Lignin Linkages; 2.5 Structural Models of Native Lignin; 2.5.1 Softwood Models; 2.5.2 Hardwood Models 327 $a2.5.3 Herbaceous Plant Models 2.6 Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex; 2.7 Physical and Chemical Properties of Lignins; 2.7.1 Molecular Weight; 2.7.2 Dispersity Index (?); 2.7.3 Thermal Properties; 2.7.4 Solubility Properties; References; Chapter 3 Detection and Determination; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Detection of Lignin (Color-Forming Reactions); 3.2.1 Reagents for Detecting Lignins; 3.3 Determination of Lignin; 3.4 Direct Methods for the Determination of Lignin; 3.4.1 Methods for Lignin as a Residue; 3.4.2 Lignin in Solution Methods; 3.5 Indirect Methods for the Determination of Lignin 327 $a3.5.1 Chemical Methods 3.5.2 Spectrophotometric Methods; 3.5.3 Methods Based on Oxidant Consumption; 3.6 Comparison of the Different Determination Methods; References; Chapter 4 Biosynthesis of Lignin; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Biological Function of Lignins; 4.3 The Shikimic Acid Pathway; 4.4 The Common Phenylpropanoid Pathway; 4.5 The Biosynthesis of Lignin Precursors (the Monolignol-Specific Pathway); 4.5.1 The Biosynthesis of Other Monolignols; 4.5.2 The Transport of Monolignols; 4.6 The Dehydrogenation of the Precursors; 4.7 Peroxidases and Laccases; 4.8 The Radical Polymerization 327 $a4.8.1 Dimerization 4.8.2 Quinone Methides; 4.8.3 Lignification; 4.8.4 Interunit Linkage Types; 4.8.5 Dehydrogenation Polymer (DHP); 4.9 The Lignin-Carbohydrate Connectivity; 4.10 Location of Lignins (Cell Wall Lignification); 4.11 Differences Between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Lignins; References; Part III Sources and Characterization of Lignin; Chapter 5 Isolation of Lignins; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods for Lignin Isolation from Wood and Grass for Laboratory Purposes; 5.2.1 Lignin as Residue; 5.2.2 Lignin by Dissolution; 5.3 Commercial Lignins; 5.3.1 Kraft Lignin 327 $a5.3.2 Sulfite Lignin (Lignosulfonate Process)5.3.3 Soda Lignin (Alkali Lignin); 5.3.4 Organosolv Pulping; 5.3.5 Other Methods of Separation of Lignin from Biomass; References; Chapter 6 Functional and Spectroscopic Characterization of Lignins; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Elemental Analysis and Empirical Formula; 6.3 Determination of Molecular Weight; 6.3.1 Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC); 6.3.2 Light Scattering; 6.3.3 Vapor-Pressure Osmometry (VPO); 6.3.4 Ultrafiltration (UF); 6.4 Functional Group Analyses; 6.4.1 Methoxyl Group (MeO); 6.4.2 Phenolic Hydroxyl Group (OH ph) 327 $a6.4.3 Total and Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups (R-OH) 330 $aAs naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases. Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overvi 410 0$aWiley series in renewable resources. 606 $aLignin 606 $aLignans 606 $aBotanical chemistry 606 $aPlant polymers 615 0$aLignin. 615 0$aLignans. 615 0$aBotanical chemistry. 615 0$aPlant polymers. 676 $a572/.56682 700 $aCalvo-Flores$b Francisco G.$0886289 702 $aDobado Jime?nez$b Jose? A. 702 $aGarcia$b Joaqui?n I. 702 $aMarti?n-Marti?nez$b Francisco J. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910131621203321 996 $aLignin and lignans as renewable raw materials$91979123 997 $aUNINA