LEADER 05415nam 2200637 450 001 9910140488603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-119-09999-4 010 $a1-119-09998-6 010 $a1-119-10000-3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000592462 035 $a(EBL)1936151 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001433834 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11773605 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001433834 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11437259 035 $a(PQKB)11266948 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1936151 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1936151 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11014310 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL719000 035 $a(OCoLC)902957927 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000592462 100 $a20150212h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aHydraulic fracturing operations $ehandbook of environmental management practices /$fNicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Anton Davletshin ; edited by M. Dayal 210 1$aSalem, Massachusetts ;$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cScrivener Publishing :$cWiley,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (794 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a1-322-87718-1 311 $a1-118-94635-9 327 $aCover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; Author and Editor Biographies; 1 Hydraulic Fracturing Overview; 1.1 Technology Overview; 1.2 Benefits, Environmental Deterents, Hurdles and Public Safety; 1.2.1 Key Drivers; 1.2.2 Environmental Deterrents; 1.2.3 Hurdles and Public Safety; 1.3 U.S. Resources and Standing; 1.4 Worldwide Levels of Activity; 1.5 The Role of Water; 1.5.1 Water Acquisition; 1.5.2 Chemical Mixing; 1.5.3 Well Injection; 2 Oil and Gas Regulations; 2.1 U.S. Environmental Regulations; 2.1.1 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 327 $a2.1.2 Clean Water Act (CWA)2.1.3 Oil Pollution Prevention (Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Regulations); 2.1.4 Oil Pollution Act (OPA); 2.1.5 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA); 2.1.6 Clean Air Act (CAA); 2.1.7 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA); 2.1.8 Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund); 2.1.9 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); 2.2 Historical Evolution of Regulations Affecting Oil and Gas; 2.3 RCRA Exemptions; 2.4 Permitting Rules; 2.4.1 California Rules; 2.4.1.1 Restrictions; 2.4.1.2 Conditions 327 $a3 Management of Chemicals3.1 Memorandum of Agreement Between the U.S. EPA and Industry; 3.2 Chemicals Used; 3.3 Safe Handling and Emergency Response to Spills and Fires; 3.4 Storage Tanks; 3.5 Risk Management; 3.6 Establishing a Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan; 3.6.1 Roles and Responsibilities; 3.6.2 Standard Procedures for Any Spill; 3.6.3 Training; 4 Water Quality Standards and Wastewater; 4.1 Overview; 4.2 Water Quality Criteria, Standards, Parameters, and Limits; 4.3 Wastewater Characterization; 4.4 Wastewater Management Alternatives; 4.5 Water Treatment Technologies 327 $a4.5.1 Separators4.5.1.1 API Separators; 4.5.2 Other Types of Separators; 4.5.3 Dissolved Gas Flotation; 4.5.4 Activated Carbon; 4.5.5 Nut Shell Filters; 4.5.6 Organi-Clay Adsorbants; 4.5.7 Chemical Oxidation; 4.5.7.1 Chemistry; 4.5.8 UV Disinfection; 4.5.9 Biological Processes; 4.5.10 Membrane Filtration; 4.5.11 RO and Nanofiltration; 4.5.12 Air Stripping; 4.5.13 Chemical Precipitation; 4.5.14 Thickeners; 4.5.15 Settling Ponds/Sedimentation; 4.5.16 Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF); 4.5.17 Ion Exchange; 4.5.18 Crystallization; 4.5.19 Advanced Integrated Systems; 4.6 Deep Well Injection of Wastes 327 $a4.7 Overall Assessment of Wastewater Management Alternatives5 Water Utilization, Management, and Treatment; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Water Use by the Oil and Gas Energy Sector; 5.3 Overview of Water Management Practices; 5.3.1 Characteristics of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water; 5.3.2 Characteristics of Produced Water; 5.3.3 Water and Mass Balances; 5.4 Wastewater Treatment Technologies; 5.4.1 Influent Conditions; 5.4.2 Technology Evaluation; 5.4.3 Treatment End Points; 5.4.4 Regulatory Compliance; 5.5 Alternatives to Conventional Wastewater Treatment; 5.5.1 Saltwater Disposal Well Solutions 327 $a5.5.2 Ponding and Land Disposal 330 $a Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as"fracking," is a technique used by the oil and gasindustry to mine hydrocarbons trapped deep beneath theEarth's surface. The principles underlying the technology arenot new. Fracking was first applied at the commercial level in theUnited States as early as 1947, and over the decades it has beenapplied in various countries including Canada, the UK, and Russia.The author worked with engineering teams as early as the mid-1970sin evaluating ways to improve oil recovery from this practice. By and large fracking was not an economically competitivepro 606 $aHydraulic fracturing$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aHydraulic fracturing$xEnvironmental aspects. 676 $a333.82314 700 $aCheremisinoff$b Nicholas P.$09207 702 $aDavletshin$b Anton 702 $aDayal M 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910140488603321 996 $aHydraulic fracturing operations$92211074 997 $aUNINA