LEADER 05426nam 2200697 450 001 9910140285703321 005 20230803195421.0 010 $a1-118-52672-4 010 $a1-118-52679-1 035 $a(CKB)2670000000530877 035 $a(EBL)1641069 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001158035 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11693169 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001158035 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11209587 035 $a(PQKB)10443679 035 $a(OCoLC)875581590 035 $a(OCoLC)875581590 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1641069 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1641069 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10842283 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL578620 035 $a(OCoLC)880916149 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000530877 100 $a20140313h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aExploring spatial scale in geography /$fChristopher D. Lloyd 210 1$aChichester, England :$cWiley-Blackwell,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (275 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-119-97135-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aExploring Spatial Scale in Geography; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; About the Companion Website; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The purpose of the book; 1.1.1 What this book adds; 1.1.2 Scales of analysis and alternative definitions; 1.3 Case studies and examples; 1.4 Why is spatial scale important?; 1.5 Structure of the book; 1.6 Further reading; References; 2 Scale in Spatial Data Analysis: Key Concepts; 2.1 Definitions of spatial scale; 2.2 Spatial autocorrelation and spatial dependence; 2.3 Scale dependence; 2.4 Scale and data models; 2.5 Spatial scales of inquiry 327 $a2.6 Scale and spatial data analysis2.7 Scale and neighbourhoods; 2.8 Scale and space; 2.9 Scale, spatial data analysis and physical processes; 2.10 Scale, spatial data analysis and social processes; 2.11 Summary; 2.12 Further reading; References; 3 The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem; 3.1 Basic concepts; 3.2 Scale and zonation effects; 3.3 The ecological fallacy; 3.4 The MAUP and univariate statistics; 3.4.1 Case study: segregation in Northern Ireland; 3.4.2 Spatial approaches to segregation; 3.5 Geographical weighting and the MAUP; 3.6 The MAUP and multivariate statistics 327 $a3.6.1 Case study: population variables in Northern Ireland3.7 Zone design; 3.8 Summary; 3.9 Further reading; References; 4 Measuring Spatial Structure; 4.1 Basic concepts; 4.2 Measures of spatial autocorrelation; 4.2.1 Neighbourhood size; 4.2.2 Spatial autocorrelation and kernel size; 4.2.3 Spatial autocorrelation and lags; 4.2.4 Local measures; 4.2.5 Global and local and spatial scale; 4.3 Geostatistics and characterising spatial structure; 4.3.1 The theory of regionalised variables; 4.4 The variogram; 4.4.1 Bias in variogram estimation; 4.5 The covariance function and correlogram 327 $a4.6 Alternative measures of spatial structure4.7 Measuring dependence between variables; 4.8 Variograms of risk; 4.9 Variogram clouds and h-scatterplots; 4.10 Variogram models; 4.11 Fitting variogram models; 4.12 Variogram case study; 4.12 Variogram case study; 4.13 Anisotropy and variograms; 4.13.1 Variogram surfaces; 4.13.2 Geometric and zonal anisotropy; 4.14 Variograms and non-stationarity; 4.14.1 Variograms and long-range trends; 4.14.2 Variogram non-stationarity; 4.15 Space-time variograms; 4.16 Software; 4.17 Other methods; 4.18 Point pattern analysis 327 $a4.18.1 Spatial dependence and point patterns4.18.2 Local function; 4.18.3 Cross function; 4.19 Summary; 4.20 Further reading; References; 5 Scale and Multivariate Data; 5.1 Regression frameworks; 5.2 Spatial scale and regression; 5.3 Global regression; 5.4 Spatial regression; 5.5 Regression and spatial data; 5.5.1 Generalised least squares; 5.5.2 Spatial autoregressive models; 5.5.3 Spatially lagged dependent variable models and spatial error models case study; 5.6 Local regression and spatial scale; 5.6.1 Spatial expansion method; 5.6.2 Geographically weighted regression; 5.6.3 Scale and GWR 327 $a5.6.4 GWR case study: fixed bandwidths 330 $aExploring Spatial Scale in Geography provides a conceptual and practical guide to issues of spatial scale in all areas of the physical and social sciences. Scale is at the heart of geography and other spatial sciences. Whether dealing with geomorphological processes, population movements or meteorology, a consideration of spatial scale is vital. Exploring Spatial Scale in Geography takes a practical approach with a core focus on real world problems and potential solutions. Links are made to appropriate software environments with an associated website providing access to guidan 606 $aBiodiversity 606 $aEcosystem health 606 $aHabitat (Ecology) 606 $aHabitat conservation 615 0$aBiodiversity. 615 0$aEcosystem health. 615 0$aHabitat (Ecology) 615 0$aHabitat conservation. 676 $a333.9511 700 $aLloyd$b Christopher D$0841283 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910140285703321 996 $aExploring spatial scale in geography$91996689 997 $aUNINA