LEADER 05105nam 2200589 450 001 9910140185703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-118-87842-6 010 $a1-118-87875-2 010 $a1-118-87869-8 035 $a(CKB)2670000000494164 035 $a(EBL)1575634 035 $a(OCoLC)864899296 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1575634 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1575634 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10814446 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL550386 035 $a(OCoLC)865333232 035 $a(PPN)22413499X 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000494164 100 $a20131211d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aHandbook of cellulosic ethanol /$fAnanda S. Amarasekara 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cWiley,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (604 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-118-23300-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Part 1 Introduction to Cellulosic Ethanol; 1 Renewable Fuels; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Renewable Energy; 1.3 Biofuels; 1.3.1 Advantages of Biofuels; 1.3.2 Gaseous Biofuels; 1.3.3 Liquid Biofuels; 1.4 Renewable Energy in the United States; 1.4.1 Federal Agencies Promoting Renewable Energy; 1.4.2 Incentives for Renewable Fuels; 1.5 Renewable Fuel Legislature in the United States; 1.5.1 Renewable Fuel Standards of Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; 1.5.2 US EPA 2013 Renewable Fuel Standards; References 327 $a2 Bioethanol as a Transportation Fuel2.1 Introduction - History of Bioethanol as a Transportation Fuel; 2.2 Alcohol Fuels; 2.3 Fuel Characteristics of Ethanol; 2.3.1 Disadvantages of Ethanol; 2.4 Corn and Sugarcane Ethanol; 2.4.1 First Generation Ethanol Production; 2.5 Advantages of Cellulosic Ethanol; References; 3 Feedstocks for Cellulosic Ethanol Production; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstock Types; 3.3 Potential of Agricultural Wastes; 3.4 Major Crop Residue Feedstock; 3.4.1 Corn Stover; 3.4.2 Wheat Straw; 3.4.3 Rice Straw; 3.4.4 Sugarcane Bagasse; 3.4.5 Barley Straw 327 $a3.5 Forestry Residue, Logging and Mill Residue3.6 Grass Feedstocks; 3.6.1 Switchgrass; 3.6.2 Miscanthus Grass; 3.6.3 Prairie Cordgrass; 3.6.4 Arundo Donax or Giant Reed; 3.6.5 Reed Canary Grass; 3.6.6 Alfalfa; 3.6.7 Other Grasses; 3.7 Purpose-Grown Trees as Feedstock; 3.7.1 Poplar; 3.7.2 Willows; 3.7.3 Pines; 3.7.4 Eucalyptus; 3.8 Municipal and Other Waste as Feedstock for Cellulosic Ethanol; 3.8.1 Municipal Waste Feedstock Utilizing Cellulosic Ethanol Plants; References; Part 2 Aqueous Phase Biomass Hydrolysis Route; 4 Challenges in Aqueous-Phase Biomass Hydrolysis Route: Recalcitrance 327 $a4.1 Introduction - Two Ways to Produce Cellulosic Ethanol4.2 Challenges in Aqueous-Phase Biomass Hydrolysis; 4.3 Structure of Plant Cells and Lignocellulosic Biomass; 4.4 Major Components of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 4.4.1 Cellulose; 4.4.2 Hemicellulose; 4.4.3 Lignin; 4.5 Cellulose Recalcitrance; References; 5 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Different Categories of Pretreatment Methods; 5.3 Physical Pretreatment; 5.3.1 Machinery Used in Physical Pretreatment; 5.3.2 Physical Pretreatment of Woody Biomass; 5.4 Physicochemical Pretreatment 327 $a5.4.1 Steam Explosion or Steam Pretreatment5.4.2 Liquid Hot Water (LHW) Pretreatment; 5.4.3 Ammonia-Based Pretreatments Method; 5.4.4 Ammonia Fiber/Freeze Explosion (AFEX); 5.4.5 Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP); 5.4.6 Soaking Aqueous Ammonia (SAA); 5.4.7 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pretreatment; 5.4.8 Organosolv Pretreatment; 5.4.9 Ionic Liquid (IL) Pretreatment; 5.4.10 N-Methyl Morpholine N-Oxide (NMMO) Pretreatment; 5.5 Chemical Pretreatment; 5.5.1 Aqueous Acid Pretreatment; 5.5.2 Sulfur Dioxide Pretreatment; 5.5.3 Alkaline Pretreatment Methods; 5.5.4 Lime Pretreatment 327 $a5.5.5 Aqueous Alkali Hydroxide-Based Pretreatments 330 $a The inevitable decline in petroleum reserves impacting gasoline prices, combined with climate change concerns have contributed to current interest in renewable fuels. Bioethanol is the most successful renewable transport fuel. Corn and sugarcane ethanol are currently widely used as blend-in fuels in the US, Brazil, and a few other countries; however, there are a number of major drawbacks in these first generation biofuels, such as their effect on food prices, net energy balance, and poor greenhouse gas mitigation. Alternatively, cellulosic ethanol can be produced from abundant lignocellulos 606 $aCellulosic ethanol 615 0$aCellulosic ethanol. 676 $a662.6/692 686 $aTEC031030$2bisacsh 700 $aAmarasekara$b Ananda S$0970038 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910140185703321 996 $aHandbook of cellulosic ethanol$92204984 997 $aUNINA