LEADER 09213nam 2200733 450 001 9910139437203321 005 20221206161715.0 010 $a1-282-69096-5 010 $a9786612690969 010 $a0-470-51985-1 010 $a0-470-51984-3 024 7 $a10.1002/9780470519851 035 $a(CKB)2500000000001394 035 $a(EBL)530038 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000430123 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11317316 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000430123 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10452833 035 $a(PQKB)11622518 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC530038 035 $a(CaBNVSL)mat08040225 035 $a(IDAMS)0b00006485f0e801 035 $a(IEEE)8040225 035 $a(PPN)252563166 035 $a(OCoLC)587389149 035 $a(EXLCZ)992500000000001394 100 $a20171024d2008 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTrust theory $ea socio-cognitive and computational model /$fCristiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone 210 1$aChichester, West Sussex, U.K. :$cJ. Wiley,$d2010. 210 2$a[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :$cIEEE Xplore,$d[2010] 215 $a1 online resource (387 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in agent technology 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a0-470-02875-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 354-357) and index. 327 $aForeword -- Introduction -- 1 Definitions of Trust: From Conceptual Components to the General Core -- 1.1 A Content Analysis -- 1.2 Missed Components and Obscure Links -- 1.3 Intentional Action and Lack of Controllability: Relying on What is Beyond Our Power -- 1.4 Two Intertwined Notions of Trust: Trust as Attitude vs. Trust as Act -- 1.5 A Critique of Some Significant Definitions of Trust -- References -- 2 Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Basic Ingredients -- 2.1 A Five-Part Relation and a Layered Model -- 2.2 Trust as Mental Attitude: a Belief-Based and Goal-Based Model -- 2.3 Expectations: Their Nature and Cognitive Anatomy -- 2.4 'No Danger': Negative or Passive or Defensive Trust -- 2.5 Weakening the Belief-Base: Implicit Beliefs, Acceptances, and Trust by-Default -- 2.6 From Disposition to Action -- 2.7 Can we Decide to Trust? -- 2.8 Risk, Investment and Bet -- 2.9 Trust and Delegation -- 2.10 The Other Parts of the Relation: the Delegated Task and the Context -- 2.11 Genuine Social Trust: Trust and Adoption -- 2.12 Resuming the Model -- References -- 3 Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Quantitative Aspects -- 3.1 Degrees of Trust: a Principled Quantification of Trust -- 3.2 Relationships between Trust in Beliefs and Trust in Action and Delegation -- 3.3 A Belief-Based Degree of Trust -- 3.4 To Trust or Not to Trust: Degrees of Trust and Decision to Trust -- 3.5 Positive Trust is not Enough: a Variable Threshold for Risk Acceptance/Avoidance -- 3.6 Generalizing the Trust Decision to a Set of Agents -- 3.7 When Trust is Too Few or Too Much -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Negative Side: Lack of Trust, Implicit Trust, Mistrust, Doubts and Diffidence -- 4.1 From Lack of Trust to Diffidence: Not Simply a Matter of Degree -- 4.2 Lack of Trust -- 4.3 The Complete Picture -- 4.4 In Sum -- 4.5 Trust and Fear -- 4.6 Implicit and by Default Forms of Trust -- 4.7 Insufficient Trust -- 4.8 Trust on Credit: The Game of Ignorance -- References -- 5 The Affective and Intuitive Forms of Trust: The Confidence We Inspire. 327 $a5.1 Two Forms of 'Evaluation' -- 5.2 The Dual Nature of Valence: Cognitive Evaluations Versus Intuitive Appraisal -- 5.3 Evaluations -- 5.4 Appraisal -- 5.5 Relationships Between Appraisal and Evaluation -- 5.6 Trust as Feeling -- 5.7 Trust Disposition as an Emotion and Trust Action as an Impulse -- 5.8 Basing Trust on the Emotions of the Other -- 5.9 The Possible Affective Base of 'Generalized Trust' and 'Trust Atmosphere' -- 5.10 Layers and Paths -- 5.11 Conclusions About Trust and Emotions -- References -- 6 Dynamics of Trust -- 6.1 Mental Ingredients in Trust Dynamics -- 6.2 Experience as an Interpretation Process: Causal Attribution for Trust -- 6.3 Changing the Trustee's Trustworthiness -- 6.4 The Dynamics of Reciprocal Trust and Distrust -- 6.5 The Diffusion of Trust: Authority, Example, Contagion, Web of Trust -- 6.6 Trust Through Transfer and Generalization -- 6.7 The Relativity of Trust: Reasons for Trust Crisis -- 6.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7 Trust, Control and Autonomy: A Dialectic Relationship -- 7.1 Trust and Control: A Complex Relationship -- 7.2 Adjusting Autonomy and Delegation on the Basis of Trust in Y -- 7.3 Conclusions -- References -- 8 The Economic Reductionism and Trust (Ir)rationality -- 8.1 Irrational Basis for Trust? -- 8.2 Is Trust an 'Optimistic' and Irrational Attitude and Decision? -- 8.3 Is Trust Just the Subjective Probability of the Favorable Event? -- 8.4 Trust in Game Theory: from Opportunism to Reciprocity -- 8.5 Trust Game: A Procuste's Bed for Trust Theory -- 8.6 Does Trust Presuppose Reciprocity? -- 8.7 The Varieties of Trust Responsiveness -- 8.8 Trusting as Signaling -- 8.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9 The Glue of Society -- 9.1 Why Trust is the 'Glue of Society' -- 9.2 Trust and Social Order -- 9.3 How the Action of Trust Acquires the Social Function of Creating Trust -- 9.4 From Micro to Macro: a Web of Trust -- 9.5 Trust and Contracts -- 9.6 Is Trust Based on Norms? -- 9.7 Trust: The Catalyst of Institutions. 327 $aReferences -- 10 On the Trustee's Side: Trust As Relational Capital -- 10.1 Trust and Relational Capital -- 10.2 Cognitive Model of Being Trusted -- 10.3 Dynamics of Relational Capital -- 10.4 From Trust Relational Capital to Reputational Capital -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 A Fuzzy Implementation for the Socio-Cognitive Approach to Trust -- 11.1 Using a Fuzzy Approach -- 11.2 Scenarios -- 11.3 Belief Sources -- 11.4 Building Belief Sources -- 11.5 Implementation with Nested FCMs -- 11.6 Converging and Diverging Belief Sources -- 11.7 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sources -- 11.8 Modeling Beliefs and Sources -- 11.9 Overview of the Implementation -- 11.10 Description of the Model -- 11.11 Running the Model -- 11.12 Experimental Setting -- 11.13 Learning Mechanisms -- 11.14 Contract Nets for Evaluating Agent Trustworthiness -- References -- 12 Trust and Technology -- 12.1 Main Difference Between Security and Trust -- 12.2 Trust Models and Technology -- 12.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Concluding Remarks and Pointers -- 13.1 Against Reductionism -- 13.2 Neuro-Trust and the Need for a Theoretical Model -- 13.3 Trust, Institutions, Politics (Some Pills of Reflection) -- References -- Index. 330 $aThis book provides an introduction, discussion, and formal-based modelling of trust theory and its applications in agent-based systems This book gives an accessible explanation of the importance of trust in human interaction and, in general, in autonomous cognitive agents including autonomous technologies. The authors explain the concepts of trust, and describe a principled, general theory of trust grounded on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. This provides a strong base for the author's discussion of role of trust in agent-based systems supporting human-computer interaction and distributed and virtual organizations or markets (multi-agent systems). Key Features: . Provides an accessible introduction to trust, and its importance and applications in agent-based systems. Proposes a principled, general theory of trust grounding on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. Offers a clear, intuitive approach, and systematic integration of relevant issues. Explains the dynamics of trust, and the relationship between trust and security. Offers operational definitions and models directly applicable both in technical and experimental domains. Includes a critical examination of trust models in economics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and AI This book will be a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students focused on information and communication technologies (computer science, artificial intelligence, organizational sciences, and knowledge management etc.), as well as Web-site and robotics designers, and for scholars working on human, social, and cultural aspects of technology. Professionals of ecommerce systems and peer-to-peer systems will also find this text of interest. 410 0$aWiley series in agent technology. 606 $aTrust 606 $aTrust$xSimulation methods 606 $aArtificial intelligence$xPsychological aspects 606 $aCognitive science 615 0$aTrust. 615 0$aTrust$xSimulation methods. 615 0$aArtificial intelligence$xPsychological aspects. 615 0$aCognitive science. 676 $a006.3 676 $a302/.1 700 $aCastelfranchi$b Cristiano$0155966 701 $aFalcone$b Rino$0960336 801 0$bCaBNVSL 801 1$bCaBNVSL 801 2$bCaBNVSL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910139437203321 996 $aTrust theory$92176810 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05663nam 22009375 450 001 9910785959203321 005 20200919124910.0 010 $a1-283-73778-7 010 $a1-137-29204-0 010 $a9781283737784$b(MyiLibrary) 024 7 $a10.1057/9781137292049 035 $a(CKB)2670000000264008 035 $a(EBL)1058324 035 $a(OCoLC)815749644 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001659784 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16439953 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001659784 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14988541 035 $a(PQKB)10213557 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000756451 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12310779 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000756451 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10750052 035 $a(PQKB)11244282 035 $a(DE-He213)978-1-137-29204-9 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1058324 035 $a(PPN)16724180X 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000264008 100 $a20151203d2012 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aNigeria Since Independence$b[electronic resource] $eForever Fragile? /$fby J. Hill 205 $a1st ed. 2012. 210 1$aLondon :$cPalgrave Macmillan UK :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (189 pages) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-349-33471-5 311 $a0-230-29852-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Half-Title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgements; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 Fear of Failure: Negative Sovereignty and the Birth of State Failure; The causes and consequences of state failure; Identifying failed states; Failure to promote human flourishing; The spread and spread of the concept of state failure; Conclusions; 2 The Enemy Within: Insurgency and the Failure of the Nigerian State; The ways and extent of Nigeria's failure; Boko Haram; The MEND; Failure to control; Failure to promote human flourishing; Failure to provide security 327 $aFailure to provide healthcare and educationThe dangers of disintegration; Conclusions; 3 The Emperor's New Clothes? Federalism, the Decline of Old Loyalties and the Rise of New Jealousies; The post-independence background to federalism; The function of federalism; ' Not a nation': federalism and the preservation of difference; A spur to ethnic tensions; Damage to national unity; Damage to political rights; Corruption; Out of many came forth one: federalism and the quest for unity; Conclusions; 4 Fuel to the Flames: Oil and Political Violence in Contemporary Nigeria 327 $aA brief history of the Nigerian oil industryOil and its lubrication of Nigeria's failure; Damage to the economy; Damage to the environment; Damage to democracy; Corruption; Failure to promote human flourishing and the spread of armed violence; Secessionism; On troubled waters: oil and its contribution to Nigeria's unity; Conclusions; 5 Of the People but for the People? Nigeria and Its Armed Forces; The legacy and reputation of Nigeria's armed forces; The armed forces' contribution to Nigeria's failure; A failure to defend; The abuse of human rights 327 $aThe armed forces' efforts to prevent Nigeria's failure and disintegrationMaintaining and preserving security; Strengthening public participation and trust in the political process; Promoting social integration and harmony; Conclusions; Conclusions; Notes; Select Bibliography; Index 330 $aThis book analyses the political and ethnical tensions that characterize Nigeria, which derive both from colonial and contemporary conflicts. It points out three major factors why Nigeria has not yet collapsed like many other African states: ethnic power sharing amongst the political elite, the military with its national outlook, and oil wealth. 606 $aAfrica?Politics and government 606 $aPolitics and war 606 $aPolitical science 606 $aTerrorism 606 $aPolitical violence 606 $aDiplomacy 606 $aInternational relations 606 $aAfrican Politics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/911090 606 $aMilitary and Defence Studies$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/912080 606 $aPolitical Science$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/911000 606 $aTerrorism and Political Violence$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/912090 606 $aDiplomacy$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/912020 606 $aInternational Relations$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/912000 607 $aNigeria$xPolitics and government$y1960- 615 0$aAfrica?Politics and government. 615 0$aPolitics and war. 615 0$aPolitical science. 615 0$aTerrorism. 615 0$aPolitical violence. 615 0$aDiplomacy. 615 0$aInternational relations. 615 14$aAfrican Politics. 615 24$aMilitary and Defence Studies. 615 24$aPolitical Science. 615 24$aTerrorism and Political Violence. 615 24$aDiplomacy. 615 24$aInternational Relations. 676 $a966.905 700 $aHill$b J$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0364218 801 2$bCaOLU 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910785959203321 996 $aNigeria Since Independence$93827591 997 $aUNINA