LEADER 01388nam0-2200409-#-450- 001 990001090530203316 005 20020925154329.0 010 $a983-9747-20-7 035 $a000109053 035 $aUSA01000109053 035 $a(ALEPH)000109053USA01 035 $a000109053 100 $a20020925d1996----km-y0enga50------ba 101 0 $aeng 102 $aUS 105 $ay|||z|||001yy 200 1 $a<> WTO and the proposed multilateral investment agreement$eimplications for developing countries and proposed position$fMartin Khor 210 $aPenang$cTWN$dcopyr. 1996 215 $a33 p,$d24 cm 225 2 $aTWN trade & development series$v2 410 1$12001$aTWN trade & development series$v2 606 0 $aWorld Trade Organization 606 0 $aCommercio$xAccordi internazionali$yPaesi in via di sviluppo 676 $a382.91 700 1$aKHOR,$bMartin$0482112 801 0$aIT$bSalbc$cISBD 912 $a990001090530203316 951 $aIG VIII 10 697 2$b33665 G$cIG VIII$d00082689 959 $aBK 969 $aGIU 979 $aCHIARA$b90$c20020925$lUSA01$h1317 979 $aCHIARA$b90$c20020925$lUSA01$h1320 979 $aCHIARA$b90$c20020925$lUSA01$h1543 979 $aPATRY$b90$c20040406$lUSA01$h1715 979 $aGIUSY$b90$c20080418$lUSA01$h1233 996 $aWTO and the proposed multilateral investment agreement$9978397 997 $aUNISA LEADER 01156nam a2200277 i 4500 001 991003058849707536 008 071122s2007 it b 001 0 ita d 020 $a9788834873533 035 $ab13623400-39ule_inst 040 $aDip.to Studi Giuridici$bita 082 0 $a346.0821752$220 100 1 $aCastro, Sandro$0322564 245 12$aI contratti di deposito /$cSandro Castro 260 $aTorino :$bGiappichelli,$cc2007 300 $axiii, 558 p. ;$c25 cm 440 0$aGrandi temi del diritto 504 $aBibliografia: p. 523-541 650 4$aContratti bancari$xLegislazione 907 $a.b13623400$b28-01-14$c22-11-07 912 $a991003058849707536 945 $aLE027 346.08 CAS02.01$g1$i2027000167289$lle027$o-$pE59.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u1$v1$w1$x0$y.i1461599x$z22-11-07 945 $aLE027 346.08 CAS02.01$cC. 2$g1$i2027000170272$lle027$o-$pE59.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u0$v0$w0$x0$y.i14655093$z23-01-08 945 $aLE027 346.08 CAS02.01$cC. 3$g1$i2027000140480$lle027$o-$pE59.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u0$v0$w0$x0$y.i14664343$z07-02-08 996 $aContratti di deposito$91216147 997 $aUNISALENTO 998 $ale027$b22-11-07$cm$da $e-$fita$git $h2$i0 LEADER 09509nam 2200721 450 001 9910139008903321 005 20230803220211.0 010 $a1-118-70662-5 010 $a1-118-70666-8 010 $a1-118-70663-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000001117285 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH25701681 035 $a(OCoLC)847842754 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1381804 035 $a(DLC) 2013023493 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1381804 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10763025 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL517723 035 $a(OCoLC)858653660 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001117285 100 $a20130610d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aComputational paralinguistics $eemotion, affect and personality in speech and language processing /$fBjo?rn W. Schuller, Anton M. Batliner 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cJohn Wiley & Sons,$d[2014] 210 4$d©2014 215 $a1 online resource (xxi, 321 pages )$cillustrations 311 $a1-119-97136-5 311 $a1-299-86472-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPreface xiii Acknowledgements xv List of Abbreviations xvii Part I Foundations 1 Introduction 3 1.1 What is Computational Paralinguistics? A First Approximation 3 1.2 History and Subject Area 7 1.3 Form versus Function 10 1.4 Further Aspects 12 1.4.1 The Synthesis of Emotion and Personality 12 1.4.2 Multimodality: Analysis and Generation 13 1.4.3 Applications, Usability and Ethics 15 1.5 Summary and Structure of the Book 17 References 18 2 Taxonomies 21 2.1 Traits versus States 21 2.2 Acted versus Spontaneous 25 2.3 Complex versus Simple 30 2.4 Measured versus Assessed 31 2.5 Categorical versus Continuous 33 2.6 Felt versus Perceived 35 2.7 Intentional versus Instinctual 37 2.8 Consistent versus Discrepant 38 2.9 Private versus Social 39 2.10 Prototypical versus Peripheral 40 2.11 Universal versus Culture-Specific 41 2.12 Unimodal versus Multimodal 43 2.13 All These Taxonomies - So What? 44 2.13.1 Emotion Data: The FAU AEC 45 2.13.2 Non-native Data: The C-AuDiT corpus 47 References 48 3 Aspects of Modelling 53 3.1 Theories and Models of Personality 53 3.2 Theories and Models of Emotion and Affect 55 3.3 Type and Segmentation of Units 58 3.4 Typical versus Atypical Speech 60 3.5 Context 61 3.6 Lab versus Life, or Through the Looking Glass 62 3.7 Sheep and Goats, or Single Instance Decision versus Cumulative Evidence and Overall Performance 64 3.8 The Few and the Many, or How to Analyse a Hamburger 65 3.9 Reifications, and What You are Looking for is What You Get 67 3.10 Magical Numbers versus Sound Reasoning 68 References 74 4 Formal Aspects 79 4.1 The Linguistic Code and Beyond 79 4.2 The Non-Distinctive Use of Phonetic Elements 81 4.2.1 Segmental Level: The Case of /r/ Variants 81 4.2.2 Supra-segmental Level: The Case of Pitch and Fundamental Frequency - and of Other Prosodic Parameters 82 4.2.3 In Between: The Case of Other Voice Qualities, Especially Laryngealisation 86 4.3 The Non-Distinctive Use of Linguistics Elements 91 4.3.1 Words and Word Classes 91 4.3.2 Phrase Level: The Case of Filler Phrases and Hedges 94 4.4 Disfluencies 96 4.5 Non-Verbal, Vocal Events 98 4.6 Common Traits of Formal Aspects 100 References 101 5 Functional Aspects 107 5.1 Biological Trait Primitives 109 5.1.1 Speaker Characteristics 111 5.2 Cultural Trait Primitives 112 5.2.1 Speech Characteristics 114 5.3 Personality 115 5.4 Emotion and Affect 119 5.5 Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis 123 5.6 Deviant Speech 124 5.6.1 Pathological Speech 125 5.6.2 Temporarily Deviant Speech 129 5.6.3 Non-native Speech 130 5.7 Social Signals 131 5.8 Discrepant Communication 135 5.8.1 Indirect Speech, Irony, and Sarcasm 136 5.8.2 Deceptive Speech 138 5.8.3 Off-Talk 139 5.9 Common Traits of Functional Aspects 140 References 141 6 Corpus Engineering 159 6.1 Annotation 160 6.1.1 Assessment of Annotations 161 6.1.2 New Trends 164 6.2 Corpora and Benchmarks: Some Examples 164 6.2.1 FAU Aibo Emotion Corpus 165 6.2.2 aGender Corpus 165 6.2.3 TUM AVIC Corpus 166 6.2.4 Alcohol Language Corpus 168 6.2.5 Sleepy Language Corpus 168 6.2.6 Speaker Personality Corpus 169 6.2.7 Speaker Likability Database 170 6.2.8 NKI CCRT Speech Corpus 171 6.2.9 TIMIT Database 171 6.2.10 Final Remarks on Databases 172 References 173 Part II Modelling 7 Computational Modelling of Paralinguistics: Overview 179 References 183 8 Acoustic Features 185 8.1 Digital Signal Representation 185 8.2 Short Time Analysis 187 8.3 Acoustic Segmentation 190 8.4 Continuous Descriptors 190 8.4.1 Intensity 190 8.4.2 Zero Crossings 191 8.4.3 Autocorrelation 192 8.4.4 Spectrum and Cepstrum 194 8.4.5 Linear Prediction 198 8.4.6 Line Spectral Pairs 202 8.4.7 Perceptual Linear Prediction 203 8.4.8 Formants 205 8.4.9 Fundamental Frequency and Voicing Probability 207 8.4.10 Jitter and Shimmer 212 8.4.11 Derived Low-Level Descriptors 214 References 214 9 Linguistic Features 217 9.1 Textual Descriptors 217 9.2 Preprocessing 218 9.3 Reduction 218 9.3.1 Stopping 218 9.3.2 Stemming 219 9.3.3 Tagging 219 9.4 Modelling 220 9.4.1 Vector Space Modelling 220 9.4.2 On-line Knowledge 222 References 227 10 Supra-segmental Features 230 10.1 Functionals 231 10.2 Feature Brute-Forcing 232 10.3 Feature Stacking 233 References 234 11 Machine-Based Modelling 235 11.1 Feature Relevance Analysis 235 11.2 Machine Learning 238 11.2.1 Static Classification 238 11.2.2 Dynamic Classification: Hidden Markov Models 256 11.2.3 Regression 262 11.3 Testing Protocols 264 11.3.1 Partitioning 264 11.3.2 Balancing 266 11.3.3 Performance Measures 267 11.3.4 Result Interpretation 272 References 277 12 System Integration and Application 281 12.1 Distributed Processing 281 12.2 Autonomous and Collaborative Learning 284 12.3 Confidence Measures 286 References 287 13 'Hands-On': Existing Toolkits and Practical Tutorial 289 13.1 Related Toolkits 289 13.2 openSMILE 290 13.2.1 Available Feature Extractors 293 13.3 Practical Computational Paralinguistics How-to 294 13.3.1 Obtaining and Installing openSMILE 295 13.3.2 Extracting Features 295 13.3.3 Classification and Regression 302 References 303 14 Epilogue 304 Appendix 307 A.1 openSMILE Feature Sets Used at Interspeech Challenges 307 A.2 Feature Encoding Scheme 310 References 314 Index 315 330 $a"This book is a guide through the contemporary field of automatically detecting speaker states/traits in speech via acoustic and linguistic properties. The authors will first introduce the general topic covering definitions, usability and application, and then discuss the psychological underpinnings of emotions, affect and personality and how they are expressed and categorized in speech. Reflecting the multidisciplinary character of the field, the authors switch to aspects of human speech and language containing speech production and perception, and linguistic and paralinguistic aspects. The authors will also focus on the signal processing and machine learning aspects of the actual computational modelling of emotion and personality and will explain the detection process from corpus collection through feature extraction and model testing to system integration. After a general introduction into computational modelling of emotion and personality including pre-processing, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, acoustic and linguistic analyses will each be handled in separate chapters. Once emotion and personality have been recognised by a technical system, the question arises how to best integrate this information in a system context, in particular dealing with uncertainty - an aspect often handled with lower attention, neglecting its high importance. The authors will cover this providing an extra chapter on aspects in this context as standards for emotion and personality, dealing with error-prone prediction results, real-time issues, application design, and real-life evaluation of systems. The book will end with a tutorial enabling the reader to build an emotion detection model on an existing corpus. This hands-on approach by integrating actual data sets, software, and open-source utilities will make the book invaluable as a teaching tool and similarly useful for those professionals already in the field"--$cProvided by publisher. 330 $a"In this book, we will focus on analysis, basically excluding generation and synthesis"--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aComputational linguistics 606 $aEmotive (Linguistics) 606 $aHuman-computer interaction 606 $aLanguage and emotions 606 $aLinguistic models$xData processing 606 $aParalinguistics 606 $aPsycholinguistics$xData processing 606 $aSpeech processing systems 615 0$aComputational linguistics. 615 0$aEmotive (Linguistics) 615 0$aHuman-computer interaction. 615 0$aLanguage and emotions. 615 0$aLinguistic models$xData processing. 615 0$aParalinguistics. 615 0$aPsycholinguistics$xData processing. 615 0$aSpeech processing systems. 676 $a401/.90285 700 $aSchuller$b Bjorn$0878409 701 $aBatliner$b Anton$0172408 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910139008903321 996 $aComputational paralinguistics$92295685 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05816nam 22009015 450 001 9910299787003321 005 20250626164031.0 010 $a3-319-14618-1 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-14618-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000402936 035 $a(EBL)2096193 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001501683 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11799493 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001501683 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11447135 035 $a(PQKB)11688198 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-14618-8 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2096193 035 $a(PPN)185489362 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3110096 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000402936 100 $a20150427d2015 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPseudo-Differential Operators and Generalized Functions /$fedited by Stevan Pilipovi?, Joachim Toft 205 $a1st ed. 2015. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Birkhäuser,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (288 p.) 225 1 $aAdvances in Partial Differential Equations,$x2504-3595 ;$v245 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a3-319-14617-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aPreface -- U. Battisti, S. Coriasco and E. Schrohe: A Class of Fourier Integral Operators on Manifolds with Boundary -- C. Boiti and D. Jornet: The Problem of Iterates in Some Classes of Ultradifferentiable Functions -- C. Bouzar and M.T. Khalladi: On Asymptotically Almost Periodic Generalized Solutions of Differential Equations -- E. Cordero, F. Nicola and L. Rodino: Gabor Wave Packets and Evolution Operators -- H. Fredriksson: A Weighted Version of Wiener?s Lemma in p-normed Algebras for 0 < p ? 1 -- L. Galleani: Time-Frequency Initial Value Problems for Random MIMO Systems -- G. Garello and A. Morando: Microlocal Regularity of Besov Type for Solutions to Quasi-elliptic Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations -- T. Gramchev, A. Lecke, S. Pilipiovic and L. Rodino: Gelfand?Shilov Type Spaces Through Hermite Expansions -- T. Gramchev and G. Tranquilli: Cauchy Problem for Second-order Hyperbolic Equations for Shubin Pseudodifferential Operators -- G. Hörmann, S. Konjik and M. Kunzinger: A Regularization Approach to Non-smooth Symplectic Geometry -- S. Mincheva-Kaminska: Equivalent Conditions for Integrability of Distributions -- I. Kmit and L. Recke: Time-periodic Second-order Hyperbolic Equations: Fredholmness, Regularity, and Smooth Dependence -- S. Kostadinova, S. Pilipovic, K. Saneva and J. Vindas: The Ridgelet Transform and Quasiasymptotic Behavior of Distributions -- T. Levajkovic H. Mena: Equations Involving Malliavin Derivative:A Chaos Expansion Approach -- J.-A. Marti: Generalized and Classical Solutions to a Characteristic Cauchy Problem with Hörmander Hypotheses -- I.V. Melnikova and U.A. Alekseeva: On Generalized Solutions to Stochastic Systems -- C. Sämann and R. Steinbauer: Geodesic Completeness of Generalized Space-times -- J. Toft: Gabor Analysis for a Broad Class of Quasi-Banach Modulation Spaces -- K. Yoshino:Spectral Analysis of Daubechies Localization Operators. 330 $aThis book gathers peer-reviewed contributions representing modern trends in the theory of generalized functions and pseudo-differential operators. It is dedicated to Professor Michael Oberguggenberger (Innsbruck University, Austria) in honour of his 60th birthday. The topics covered were suggested by the ISAAC Group in Generalized Functions (GF) and the ISAAC Group in Pseudo-Differential Operators (IGPDO), which met at the 9th ISAAC congress in Krakow, Poland in August 2013. Topics include Columbeau algebras, ultra-distributions, partial differential equations, micro-local analysis, harmonic analysis, global analysis, geometry, quantization, mathematical physics, and time-frequency analysis. Featuring both essays and research articles, the book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers working in analysis, PDE and mathematical physics, while also offering a valuable complement to the volumes on this topic previously published in the OT series. 410 0$aAdvances in Partial Differential Equations,$x2504-3595 ;$v245 606 $aTopological groups 606 $aLie groups 606 $aFunctions of complex variables 606 $aDifferential equations 606 $aOperator theory 606 $aHarmonic analysis 606 $aFunctional analysis 606 $aTopological Groups and Lie Groups 606 $aSeveral Complex Variables and Analytic Spaces 606 $aDifferential Equations 606 $aOperator Theory 606 $aAbstract Harmonic Analysis 606 $aFunctional Analysis 615 0$aTopological groups. 615 0$aLie groups. 615 0$aFunctions of complex variables. 615 0$aDifferential equations. 615 0$aOperator theory. 615 0$aHarmonic analysis. 615 0$aFunctional analysis. 615 14$aTopological Groups and Lie Groups. 615 24$aSeveral Complex Variables and Analytic Spaces. 615 24$aDifferential Equations. 615 24$aOperator Theory. 615 24$aAbstract Harmonic Analysis. 615 24$aFunctional Analysis. 676 $a510 676 $a512.55 676 $a512482 676 $a515.353 676 $a515.7 676 $a515.724 676 $a515.94 676 $a515785 702 $aPilipovi?$b Stevan$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 702 $aToft$b Joachim$4edt$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910299787003321 996 $aPseudo-differential operators and generalized functions$91522559 997 $aUNINA