LEADER 07641nam 2200793 450 001 9910138869403321 005 20230125224022.0 010 $a1-283-54293-5 010 $a9786613855381 010 $a1-118-30996-0 010 $a1-118-30997-9 010 $a1-118-31001-2 024 7 $a10.1002/9781118310014 035 $a(CKB)2550000000108197 035 $a(EBL)836610 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000715515 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11407740 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000715515 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10700970 035 $a(PQKB)10661711 035 $a(CaBNVSL)mat08039985 035 $a(IDAMS)0b00006485f0e0ea 035 $a(IEEE)8039985 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL836610 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10582613 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL385538 035 $a(OCoLC)804863080 035 $a(CaSebORM)9781118235294 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC836610 035 $a(PPN)260790761 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000108197 100 $a20171024d2008 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCoupled-oscillator based active-array antennas /$fRonald J. Pogorzelski Jet Propulsion labortary, California Institute of Technology, Apostolos Georgiadis, Centre Tecnola?ogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain 205 $a1st edition 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cWiley, John Wiley & Sons Inc. Publication,$d[2012] 210 2$a[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :$cIEEE Xplore,$d[2012] 215 $a1 online resource (382 p.) 225 1 $aJPL deep-space communications and navigation series ;$v11 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-118-23529-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a-- Foreword xi -- Preface xiii -- Acknowledgments xvii -- Authors xix -- PART I: THEORY AND ANALYSIS 1 -- Chapter 1 Introduction - Oscillators and Synchronization 3 -- 1.1 Early Work in Mathematical Biology and Electronic Circuits 3 -- 1.2 van der Pol's Model 5 -- 1.3 Injection Locking (Adier's Formalism) and Its Spectra (Locked and Unlocked) 7 -- 1.4 Mutual Injection Locking of Two Oscillators 21 -- 1.5 Conclusion 26 -- Chapter 2 Coupled-Oscillator Arrays-Basic Analytical Description and Operating Principles 27 -- 2.1 Fundamental Equations 28 -- 2.2 Discrete Model Solution (Linearization and Laplace Transformation) 31 -- 2.3 Steady-State Solution 37 -- 2.4 Stability of the Phase Solution in the Full Nonlinear Formulation 41 -- 2.5 External Injection Locking 46 -- 2.6 Generalization to Planar Arrays 50 -- 2.7 Coupling Networks 54 -- 2.8 Conclusion 66 -- Chapter 3 The Continuum Model for Linear Arrays 67 -- 3.1 The Linear Array without External Injection 68 -- 3.2 The Linear Array with External Injection 81 -- 3.3 Beam-Steering via End Detuning 93 -- 3.4 Beam-Steering via End Injection 95 -- 3.5 Conclusion 102 -- Chapter 4 The Continuum Model for Planar Arrays 103 -- 4.1 Cartesian Coupling in the Continuum Model without External Injection 103 -- 4.2 Cartesian Coupling in the Continuum Model with External Injection 109 -- 4.3 Non-Cartesian Coupling Topologies 118 -- 4.4 Conclusion 137 -- Chapter 5 Causality and Coupling Delay 139 -- 5.1 Coupling Delay 139 -- 5.2 The Discrete Model with Coupling Delay 141 -- 5.3 The Continuum Model with Coupling Delay 146 -- 5.4 Beam Steering in the Continuum Model with Coupling Delay 159 -- 5.5 Conclusion 173 -- PART II: EXPERIMENTAL WORK AND APPLICATIONS 175 -- Chapter 6 Experimental Validation of the Theory 177 -- 6.1 Linear-Array Experiments 177 -- 6.2 Planar-Array Experiments 188 -- 6.3 Receive-Array Experiments 201 -- 6.4 Phase Noise 210 -- 6.5 The Unlocked State 213 -- 6.6 Conclusion 215 -- PART III: NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR 217 -- Chapter 7 Perturbation Models for Stability, Phase Noise, and Modulation 219. 327 $a7.1 Preliminaries of Dynamical Systems 220 -- 7.2 Bifurcations of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 226 -- 7.3 The Averaging Method and Multiple Time Scales 230 -- 7.4 Averaging Theory in Coupled Oscillator Systems 231 -- 7.5 Obtaining the Parameters of the van der Pol Oscillator Model 235 -- 7.6 An Alternative Perturbation Model for Coupled-Oscillator Systems 238 -- 7.7 Matrix Equations for the Steady State and Stability Analysis 242 -- 7.8 A Comparison between the Two Perturbation Models for Coupled Oscillator Systems 246 -- 7.9 Externally Injection-Locked COAs 247 -- 7.10 Phase Noise 250 -- 7.11 Modulation 256 -- 7.12 Coupled Phase-Locked Loops 258 -- 7.13 Conclusion 261 -- Chapter 8 Numerical Methods for Simulating Coupled-Oscillator Arrays 263 -- 8.1 Introduction to Numerical Methods 264 -- 8.2 Obtaining Periodic Steady-State Solutions of Autonomous Circuits in Harmonic-Balance Simulators 270 -- 8.3 Numerical Analysis of a Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 272 -- 8.4 Numerical Analysis of a Five-Element Linear Coupled-Oscillator Array 278 -- 8.5 Numerical Analysis of an Externally Injection-Locked Five-Element Linear Coupled-Oscillator Array 286 -- 8.6 Harmonic Radiation for Extended Scanning Range 288 -- 8.7 Numerical Analysis of a Self-Oscillating Mixer 291 -- 8.8 Conclusion 296 -- Chapter 9 Beamforming in Coupled-Oscillator Arrays 297 -- 9.1 Preliminary Concepts of Convex Optimization 297 -- 9.2 Beamforming in COAs 301 -- 9.3 Stability Optimization of the Coupled-Oscillator Steady-State Solution 308 -- 9.4 Multi-Beam Pattern Generation Using Coupled-Oscillator Arrays 311 -- 9.5 Control of the Amplitude Dynamics 315 -- 9.6 Adaptive Coupled-Oscillator Array Beamformer 317 -- 9.7 Conclusion 320 -- Chapter 10 Overall Conclusions and Possible Future Directions 321 -- REFERENCES 325 -- ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 341 -- INDEX 345. 330 $a"This book presents the theory of phased array antennas that use arrays of electronic oscillators coupled to each other so as to mutually injection lock and thus oscillate as an ensemble. This arrangement provides a remarkably simple beam steering control system replacing the complicated array of computer controlled phase shifters traditionally used for this purpose. The book also describes a large number of laboratory demonstrations that have been reported over the past three decades that experimentally verify the various aspects of the theory. The theory is initially presented using a linear approximation permitting derivation of much of the array behavior analytically. Then, at a deeper level, a nonlinear formulation is used to obtain, computationally, more detailed aspects of the array behavior. The primary purpose of the book is to gather the salient results of the past ten to fifteen years of research in this area into one convenient volume providing both a tutorial explanation of this approach to phased array control and a guide to the literature on the subject"--$cProvided by publisher. 410 0$aJPL deep-space communications and navigation series ;$v11 606 $aAntenna arrays 606 $aElectric networks, Active 606 $aNonlinear oscillators 606 $aCoupled mode theory 615 0$aAntenna arrays. 615 0$aElectric networks, Active. 615 0$aNonlinear oscillators. 615 0$aCoupled mode theory. 676 $a621.382/4 686 $aTEC008000$2bisacsh 700 $aPogorzelski$b Ronald J.$0962864 701 $aGeorgiadis$b Apostolos$0962865 801 0$bCaBNVSL 801 1$bCaBNVSL 801 2$bCaBNVSL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910138869403321 996 $aCoupled-oscillator based active-array antennas$92183303 997 $aUNINA