LEADER 04168nam 2200565 450 001 9910136407803321 005 20230621135652.0 035 $a(CKB)3710000000612034 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/44934 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000612034 100 $a20160314d2015uuuu fy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDeveloping synaesthesia$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by Nicolas Rothen, Julia Simner, Beat Meier 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2015 210 1$a[Lausanne, Switzerland] :$cFrontiers Media SA,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (173 pages) $cillustrations; digital, PDF file(s) 225 0 $aFrontiers Research Topics 225 1 $aFrontiers in Human Neuroscience 311 $a2-88919-579-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 3 $aSynaesthesia is a condition in which a stimulus elicits an additional subjective experience. For example, the letter E printed in black (the inducer) may trigger an additional colour experience as a concurrent (e.g., blue). Synaesthesia tends to run in families and thus, a genetic component is likely. However, given that the stimuli that typically induce synaesthesia are cultural artefacts, a learning component must also be involved. Moreover, there is evidence that synaesthetic experiences not only activate brain areas typically involved in processing sensory input of the concurrent modality; synaesthesia seems to cause a structural reorganization of the brain. Attempts to train non-synaesthetes with synaesthetic associations have been successful in mimicking certain behavioural aspects and posthypnotic induction of synaesthetic experiences in non-synaesthetes has even led to the according phenomenological reports. These latter findings suggest that structural brain reorganization ?a may not be a critical precondition, but rather a consequence of the sustained coupling of inducers and concurrents. Interestingly, synaesthetes seem to be able to easily transfer synaesthetic experiences to novel stimuli. Beyond this, certain drugs (e.g., LSD) can lead to synaesthesia-like experiences and may provide additional insights into the neurobiological basis of the condition. Furthermore, brain damage can both lead to a sudden presence of synaesthetic experiences in previously non-synaesthetic individuals and a sudden absence of synaesthesia in previously synaesthetic individuals. Moreover, enduring sensory substitution has been effective in inducing a kind of acquired synaesthesia. Besides informing us about the cognitive mechanisms of synaesthesia, synaesthesia research is relevant for more general questions, for example about consciousness such as the binding problem, about crossmodal correspondences and about how individual differences in perceiving and experiencing the wo ?a rld develop. Hence the aim of the current Research Topic is to provide novel insights into the development of synaesthesia both in its genuine and acquired form. We welcome novel experimental work and theoretical contributions (e.g., review and opinion articles) focussing on factors such as brain maturation, learning, training, hypnosis, drugs, sensory substitution and brain damage and their relation to the development of any form of synaesthesia. 606 $aSynesthesia 606 $aPhenomenology$xPsychology 606 $aNeuropsychiatry 610 $asynaesthesia 610 $adevelopment 610 $aGrapheme colour 610 $aImmune System 610 $adrugs 610 $atraining 610 $acongenital 610 $aneurotransmitter 610 $aautism 615 0$aSynesthesia. 615 0$aPhenomenology$xPsychology. 615 0$aNeuropsychiatry. 676 $a152.1/89 700 $aNicolas Rothen$4auth$01370990 702 $aRothen$b Nicolas 702 $aSimner$b Julia 702 $aMeier$b Beat 801 2$bUkMaJRU 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910136407803321 996 $aDeveloping synaesthesia$93399603 997 $aUNINA LEADER 11645nam 22005653 450 001 9910978249003321 005 20250208060308.0 010 $a9781394272365 010 $a1394272367 010 $a9781394272372 010 $a1394272375 035 $a(CKB)37391291600041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31889389 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31889389 035 $a(OCoLC)1492309996 035 $a(EXLCZ)9937391291600041 100 $a20250208d2025 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aConcentrated Solar Power Systems 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aNewark :$cJohn Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,$d2025. 210 4$dİ2025. 215 $a1 online resource (276 pages) 311 08$a9781394272358 311 08$a1394272359 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Conventional Energy Sources -- 1.1 Energy Resources and Their Potential -- 1.1.1 Oil -- 1.1.2 Natural Gas -- 1.1.3 Coal -- 1.1.4 Hydropower -- 1.1.5 Nuclear Energy -- 1.2 Need for Renewable Energy Sources -- 1.3 Potential Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for Power Generation -- 1.3.1 Solar Energy -- 1.3.2 Wind Energy -- 1.3.3 Biomass Energy -- 1.3.4 Hydropower Plants -- 1.3.5 Hydropower Project Classification -- 1.3.6 Geothermal Energy and Its Potential in India Wave Energy -- 1.3.7 Wave Energy -- 1.3.8 Tidal Energy -- 1.3.9 Off?Grid Renewable Power -- 1.3.9.1 Approaches to Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) -- 1.4 Concentrating Optics -- 1.5 Limits on Concentration -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Measurement and Estimation of Solar Irradiance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Parabolas and Paraboloids -- 2.2.1 Practical Factors Reducing Concentration -- 2.2.1.1 Specularity Error -- 2.2.1.2 Surface Slope Error -- 2.2.1.3 Shape Error -- 2.2.1.4 Tracking Error -- 2.2.1.5 Combinations of Errors -- 2.2.1.6 Cosine Losses and End Losses -- 2.2.1.7 Focal Region Flux Distributions -- 2.2.1.8 Prediction of Focal Region Distributions -- 2.2.1.9 Losses from Receivers -- 2.2.1.10 Radiative Losses -- 2.2.1.11 Convection Losses -- 2.2.1.12 Conduction Losses -- 2.2.1.13 Energy Transport and Storage -- 2.3 Power Cycles for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems -- 2.3.1 Steam Turbines -- 2.3.2 Organic Rankine Cycles -- 2.3.3 Stirling Engines -- 2.3.4 Brayton Cycles -- 2.3.5 Concentrating Photovoltaics -- 2.3.6 Others -- 2.4 Energy Analysis and the Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 2.4.1 Heat Exchange Between Fluids -- 2.4.2 Optimization of Operating Temperature -- 2.4.3 Optimization of Aperture Size -- 2.4.4 Solar Multiple and Capacity Factor. 327 $a2.4.5 Predicting Overall System Performance -- 2.4.6 Economic Analysis -- 2.4.7 Stochastic Modeling of CSP Systems -- 2.5 The Structure of the Sun -- 2.5.1 The Solar Irradiance Spectrum -- 2.5.2 Factors Affecting the Availability of Solar Energy on a Collector Surface -- 2.6 Radiation Instruments -- 2.6.1 Solar Irradiance Components -- 2.6.2 Instruments Used -- 2.6.3 Detectors for Measuring Radiation -- 2.6.4 Measuring Diffuse Radiation -- 2.7 Why Solar Energy Estimation? -- 2.8 Mathematical Models of Solar Irradiance -- 2.8.1 CPCR2 (Code for Physical Computation of Radiation, 2 Bands) Model -- 2.9 Diffuse and Global Energy -- 2.10 REST2 (Reference Evaluation of Solar Transmittance, 2 Bands) Model -- 2.11 Direct Energy -- 2.12 Diffuse and Global Energy -- 2.12.1 Reference Evaluation of Solar Transmittance Model -- 2.12.2 Estimation of Global Irradiance -- 2.12.3 Estimation of Diffuse Irradiance -- 2.13 Regression Models -- 2.14 Intelligent Modeling -- 2.15 Fuzzy Logic?Based Modeling of Solar Irradiance -- 2.15.1 Datasets -- 2.16 Artificial Neural Network for Solar Energy Estimation -- 2.16.1 Artificial Neuron Model -- 2.16.2 Normalization of Meteorological Data -- 2.16.3 Drawbacks of Conventional ANN -- 2.17 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Parabolic?Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Commercially Available Parabolic?Trough Collectors (PTCs) -- 3.2.1 Large PTCs -- 3.2.2 Small PTCs -- 3.2.3 Receivers -- 3.3 Existing Parabolic?Trough Collector (PTC) Solar Thermal Power Plants -- 3.3.1 Parabolic?Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems -- 3.3.2 Design of Parabolic?Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems -- 3.3.2.1 Basic PTC Parameters -- 3.3.2.2 Energy Balance in a PTC -- 3.3.2.3 The Objective Function for Optimization -- 3.4 Operations and Maintenance (O& -- M) Costs. 327 $a3.4.1 Choice of Performance Criterion -- 3.4.2 Incident, Absorbed, or Delivered Energy -- 3.4.3 Inclusion/Effect of Time?of?Day Pricing, Sloped Fields -- 3.5 Effect of Constraints on Optimization -- 3.6 Heliostat Factors -- 3.6.1 Heliostat Size -- 3.6.2 Focusing and Facet Canting -- 3.6.3 Off?Axis Aberration -- 3.6.4 Effects of Tracking Mode -- 3.6.5 Effects of Heliostat Size on Heliostat Cost and Other Factors -- 3.6.6 Reflectivity and Cleanliness -- 3.7 Receiver Considerations: Cavity vs Flat vs Cylindrical Receivers -- 3.7.1 Field Constraint -- 3.7.2 Reflective, Radiative, and Thermal Loss of the Cavity -- 3.7.3 Cost and Weight -- 3.7.4 Effect of Allowable Flux Density on Design -- 3.7.5 Emissivity vs Absorptivity vs Temperature -- 3.8 Variants on the Basic Central Receiver System -- 3.8.1 Beam?Down Systems -- 3.8.2 Use of Compound Parabolic Concentrators -- 3.8.3 Optical Beam Splitting -- 3.9 Field Layout and Land Use -- 3.9.1 Ease of Access for Maintenance -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Hybrid PV-CSP Systems -- 4.1 Hybrid Strategies -- 4.2 Noncompact Hybrid Strategies -- 4.3 Compact Hybrid Strategies -- 4.3.1 High?Temperature Approach -- 4.3.2 Spectral Splitting -- 4.3.2.1 PV One?Sun Approach -- 4.3.2.2 Strategies Based on the Spectral Separation of Light -- 4.3.3 Performance?Based Comparison of the Main Hybrid Strategies -- 4.4 Hybrid PV-TS Systems -- 4.5 Innovative Hybrid Systems -- 4.5.1 Mixed Hybrid Systems -- 4.5.2 Luminescent Solar Concentrators -- 4.5.3 Very High?Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Coupled with Photovoltaic Conversion -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Solar Fuels -- 5.1 Introduction to Solar Fuels -- 5.2 Solar Cracking and Reforming of Hydrocarbons -- 5.3 Indirect Heating Reactors -- 5.4 Solar Reforming of Natural Gas -- 5.4.1 State of the Art -- 5.5 Economic Aspects. 327 $a5.6 Solar Pyrolysis and Gasification of Solid Carbonaceous Materials -- 5.6.1 State of the Art -- 5.6.2 Economic Aspects -- 5.7 Solar Fuel Production by Thermochemical Dissociation of Water and Carbon Dioxide -- 5.7.1 H2O and CO2 Dissociation -- 5.7.2 Liquid Fuel Production -- 5.7.3 Direct H2O and CO2 Thermolysis -- 5.8 Thermochemical Cycles Principle -- 5.9 Cycles with Volatile Oxides -- 5.10 Nonvolatile Oxide Cycles -- 5.11 Nonstoichiometric Oxide Cycles -- 5.11.1 Ferrite?Based Cycles -- 5.11.2 Ceria?Based Cycles -- 5.11.3 Perovskite Structure?Based Cycles -- 5.12 Solar Reactor Concepts for Cycle Implementation -- 5.13 Decoupled Reactors -- 5.14 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems and Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Historical Summary -- 6.2 Fundamental Characteristics of Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems -- 6.2.1 Acceptance Angle -- 6.2.2 Principles of Photovoltaic Devices -- 6.2.3 Maintenance -- 6.2.4 Energy Payback and Recyclability -- 6.3 HCPV?Specific Characteristics -- 6.3.1 Two?Axis Tracking -- 6.3.2 Multijunction Cells -- 6.4 LCPV?Specific Characteristics -- 6.5 Medium Concentration Photovoltaic Devices (MCPV) -- 6.5.1 Application to the Market -- 6.6 Design of Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems -- 6.6.1 Levelized Cost of Energy -- 6.7 General System Design Goals -- 6.7.1 System Granularity -- 6.7.1.1 Optical Method -- 6.7.1.2 Tracking Type -- 6.7.1.3 Environmental Control Methodology -- 6.7.1.4 Cell Administration -- 6.8 Introduction: Relevance of Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) -- 6.8.1 Current Commercial Status of Storage Technology -- 6.8.1.1 Sensible Energy Storage -- 6.9 Liquid Storage Media: Two?Tank Concept -- 6.10 Liquid Storage Media: Steam Accumulator -- 6.11 Solid Media Storage Concepts -- 6.12 Solid Media with Integrated Heat Exchanger. 327 $a6.12.1 Packed Bed -- 6.12.2 Solid Particles -- 6.13 Latent Heat Storage Concepts -- 6.14 Phase Change Material (PCM) Concept with Extended Heat Transfer Area -- 6.15 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Hybridization of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) with Fossil Fuel Power Plants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Solar Hybridization Approaches -- 7.3 The Role of Different Concentrators -- 7.4 Process Integration and Design -- 7.4.1 Economic Effect -- 7.5 Hybridization Process and Arrangement -- 7.6 Case Study Design -- 7.7 Potential of Systems in China -- 7.7.1 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) Power Plants -- 7.8 Process Integration and Design -- 7.9 Major Equipment Design -- 7.10 Typical Demonstration Plant and Project -- 7.10.1 Advanced Hybridization Systems -- 7.11 High?Temperature Solar Air Preheating -- 7.12 Solar Thermochemical Hybridization Plant -- 7.12.1 Case Study of Medium Temperature Thermochemical Hybridization -- 7.13 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Grid Integration of PV Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Grid?Connected PV Power Systems -- 8.3 Inverter Control Algorithms -- 8.4 Synchronous Reference Frame?Based Current Controller -- 8.5 Digital PI?Based Current Controller -- 8.6 Adaptive Notch Filter?Based Grid Synchronization Approach -- 8.7 Modeling, Simulation, and Hardware Implementation of Controllers -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Optimization of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plant Designs Through Integrated Techno?Economic Modeling -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Most Recent Advancements in CSP Plant Design and Simulation -- 9.2.1 Calculating Energy Yield -- 9.3 Economic Simulation -- 9.4 Solar Thermal Power Plant Design Procedure -- 9.5 Multivariable Optimization of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plants -- 9.6 Overview of Optimization Methods. 327 $a9.7 Case Study Definition: Optimization of a Parabolic Trough Power Plant with Molten Salt Storage. 330 $a"This advanced level book explores both theoretical issues and offers practical perspectives on concentrated solar power (CSP), presenting a unique, single source for a complete overview of the performance assessment tools and methods currently used for CSP technology, with case studies and examples. CSP is poised to become a significant component of the future clean energy mix, and this book provides a thorough overview of this fascinating technology, including everything from the underlying science to system design, development, and applications. Encompassing a wide range of topics from traditional energy sources to the complexities of concentrating solar power technology, this comprehensive approach guarantees that readers may acquire a comprehensive comprehension of the subject."--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aSolar energy 606 $aSolar concentrators 615 0$aSolar energy. 615 0$aSolar concentrators. 676 $a621.47/2 700 $aPragathi$b Bellamkonda$01787182 701 $aKothari$b D. P$025590 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910978249003321 996 $aConcentrated Solar Power Systems$94319915 997 $aUNINA