LEADER 04818nam 2200637 450 001 9910136278503321 005 20230621140407.0 010 $a9782889195725 (ebook) 035 $a(CKB)3710000000586919 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001666253 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16454665 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001666253 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)15000049 035 $a(PQKB)11083021 035 $a(WaSeSS)IndRDA00056313 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/42918 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000586919 100 $a20160829d2015 uy | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aCerebral endothelial and glial cells are more than bricks in the Great Wall of the brain$b[electronic resource] $einsights into the way the blood-brain barrier actually works (Celebrating the centenary of Goldman's experiments /$fedited by Elena García-Martín, George E. Barreto, José A. G. Agúndez, Rubem C. A. Guedes and Ramon Santos El-Bachá 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2015 210 31$aParis :$cFrontiers Media SA,$d2015 215 $a1 online resource (186 pages)$cillustrations, charts 225 0 $aFrontiers Research Topics,$x1664-8714 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 $aWhen Ehrlich discovered the first evidence of the blood-brain barrier in 1885, he probably did not perceive the Great Wall that remained hidden from consciousness inside the central nervous system. Ehrlich had observed that acidic vital dyes did not stain the brain if they were injected into the blood stream. A century ago (1913), Goldman showed that the injection of trypan blue in the cerebrospinal fluid stained only the brain, but not the other organs. For almost a century it was thought that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisted in a physical barrier, resulting from the restricted permeability of the cerebral endothelial cell layer, as they are joined by tight junctions. However, as scientists are always looking for news in what is already discovered, in the end of the 20th century we had evidences that cerebral endothelial and glial cells express several drug metabolizing enzymes consisting in a second protection system: a metabolic barrier. Furthermore, the drugs and their metabolites must overcome the activity of several multidrug resistance proteins that function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps, consisting in the third line of defence: the active barrier. Therefore, the way the BBB actually works should be better explained. Several endogenous compounds, as well as xenobiotics, may be activated by enzymes of the metabolic barrier, generating reactive oxygen species that could damage neurons. Therefore, endothelial and glial cells possess endogenous protecting compounds and enzymes against oxidants, consisting in an antioxidant barrier. When all these systems fail, glial cells, mainly microglia, secrete cytokines in an attempt to crosstalk with defence cells asking for help, which consists in an immune barrier. In cerebral regions that are devoid of the physical barrier, such as circumventricular organs, the metabolic, active, antioxidant and immune barriers are reinforced. It is important to understand how cells involved in the BBB interact with one another and the dynamic mechanisms of their functions. This Research Topic published in this e-Book considers recent highlights in BBB structure, cell and molecular biology, biotransformation, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology and how these basic knowledges can be applied in drug discovery and clinical researches, rewriting what is already written, and paving the way that goes to the Great Wall in the Frontiers of the Brain in this new century that is just beginning. 606 $aNeuroscience$2HILCC 606 $aHuman Anatomy & Physiology$2HILCC 606 $aHealth & Biological Sciences$2HILCC 610 $aglial cells 610 $aStroke 610 $aCerebral endothelial cells 610 $aBBB 610 $aOxidative Stress 610 $aGlioma 610 $aBlood Brain Barrier 610 $axenobiotic metabolizing enzymes 610 $aParkinsons disease 610 $aNeuroinflammation 615 7$aNeuroscience 615 7$aHuman Anatomy & Physiology 615 7$aHealth & Biological Sciences 700 $aGeorge E. Barreto$4auth$01365324 702 $aBarreto$b George E 702 $aGarcía-Martín$b Elena 702 $aAgúndez$b José A. 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