LEADER 03933nam 22005175 450 001 9910136111103321 005 20230808200120.0 010 $a0-674-97429-8 010 $a0-674-97043-8 024 7 $a10.4159/9780674970434 035 $a(CKB)3710000000915104 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4723268 035 $a(DE-B1597)479756 035 $a(OCoLC)961184975 035 $a(OCoLC)984687468 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674970434 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000915104 100 $a20170405d2016 fg 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aDemocracy in Iran $eWhy It Failed and How It Might Succeed /$fMisagh Parsa 210 1$aCambridge, MA : $cHarvard University Press, $d[2016] 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (417 pages) 311 $a0-674-54504-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tContents -- $tPreface -- $tPart I. Introduction and Theory -- $t1. Iran?s Dilemma -- $t2. Alternative Routes to Democracy: Synthesizing Structures and Processes -- $tPart II. Revolution and The Political Economy of Theocracy -- $t3. Ideologies, Revolution, and the Formation of a Theocracy -- $t4. Politicization of the Economy and Declining Performance -- $t5. Failure to Reform and a Return to Repression -- $tPart III. Challenges Against The Islamic Regime -- $t6. Students: Vanguard of Struggles for Democracy -- $t7. The Rise and Demise of the Green Movement -- $tPart IV. Irreconcilable Conflicts -- $t8. Why the Movement Failed -- $t9. Irreconcilable Conflicts and Endless Repression -- $t10. The Path Forward -- $tNotes -- $tIndex 330 $aThe Green Movement protests that erupted in Iran in 2009 amid allegations of election fraud shook the Islamic Republic to its core. For the first time in decades, the adoption of serious liberal reforms seemed possible. But the opportunity proved short-lived, leaving Iranian activists and intellectuals to debate whether any path to democracy remained open. Offering a new framework for understanding democratization in developing countries governed by authoritarian regimes, Democracy in Iran is a penetrating, historically informed analysis of Iran?s current and future prospects for reform. Beginning with the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Misagh Parsa traces the evolution of Iran?s theocratic regime, examining the challenges the Islamic Republic has overcome as well as those that remain: inequalities in wealth and income, corruption and cronyism, and a ?brain drain? of highly educated professionals eager to escape Iran?s repressive confines. The political fortunes of Iranian reformers seeking to address these problems have been uneven over a period that has seen hopes raised during a reformist administration, setbacks under Ahmadinejad, and the birth of the Green Movement. Although pro-democracy activists have made progress by fits and starts, they have few tangible reforms to show for their efforts. In Parsa?s view, the outlook for Iranian democracy is stark. Gradual institutional reforms will not be sufficient for real change, nor can the government be reformed without fundamentally rethinking its commitment to the role of religion in politics and civic life. For Iran to democratize, the options are narrowing to a single path: another revolution. 606 $aDemocratization$zIran 606 $aDemocratization$zDeveloping countries 606 $aIslam and politics$zIran 607 $aIran$xPolitics and government$y1997- 615 0$aDemocratization 615 0$aDemocratization 615 0$aIslam and politics 676 $a320.955 700 $aParsa$b Misagh.$01246203 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910136111103321 996 $aDemocracy in Iran$92889741 997 $aUNINA