LEADER 03584 am 22006133u 450 001 9910135395303321 005 20221206104822.0 035 $a(CKB)3810000000000132 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001682820 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16508091 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001682820 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)15037125 035 $a(PQKB)10081772 035 $a(WaSeSS)IndRDA00056509 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/34790 035 $a(PPN)198378947 035 $a(EXLCZ)993810000000000132 100 $a20160829h20142014 fy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurm|#---uuuuu 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aNatural causes of language $eframes, biases, and cultural transmission /$fN. J. Enfield 210 $cLanguage Science Press$d2014 210 1$aBerlin :$cLanguage Science Press,$d2014 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (84 pages) $cillustrations; digital file(s) 225 1 $aConceptual Foundations of Language Science ;$v1 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$aPrint version: 9783944675503 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 330 $aWhat causes a language to be the way it is? Some features are universal, some are inherited, others are borrowed, and yet others are internally innovated. But no matter where a bit of language is from, it will only exist if it has been diffused and kept in circulation through social interaction in the history of a community. This book makes the case that a proper understanding of the ontology of language systems has to be grounded in the causal mechanisms by which linguistic items are socially transmitted, in communicative contexts. A biased transmission model provides a basis for understanding why certain things and not others are likely to develop, spread, and stick in languages. Because bits of language are always parts of systems, we also need to show how it is that items of knowledge and behaviour become structured wholes. The book argues that to achieve this, we need to see how causal processes apply in multiple frames or 'time scales' simultaneously, and we need to understand and address each and all of these frames in our work on language. This forces us to confront implications that are not always comfortable: for example, that "a language" is not a real thing but a convenient fiction, that language-internal and language-external processes have a lot in common, and that tree diagrams are poor conceptual tools for understanding the history of languages. By exploring avenues for clear solutions to these problems, this book suggests a conceptual framework for ultimately explaining, in causal terms, what languages are like and why they are like that. 410 0$aConceptual Foundations of Language Science ;$v1. 606 $aPhilology & Linguistics$2HILCC 606 $aLanguages & Literatures$2HILCC 610 $acausal processes 610 $aontology of language systems 610 $alanguage 610 $abiased transmission model 610 $aCharles Darwin 610 $aEvolution 610 $aHistorical linguistics 610 $aIdiolect 610 $aOntogeny 615 7$aPhilology & Linguistics 615 7$aLanguages & Literatures 700 $aEnfield$b N. J$0773223 801 0$bPQKB 801 2$bUkMaJRU 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910135395303321 996 $aNatural causes of language$91997508 997 $aUNINA