LEADER 05355nam 2200673 450 001 9910132317303321 005 20230807212141.0 010 $a3-433-60387-1 010 $a3-433-60384-7 010 $a3-433-60386-3 035 $a(CKB)3710000000292509 035 $a(EBL)1869099 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001415391 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11814367 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001415391 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11342850 035 $a(PQKB)10490510 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1869099 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1869099 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10990961 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL666182 035 $a(OCoLC)899007022 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000292509 100 $a20141210h20152015 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aThe technical avalanche protection handbook /$fedited by Florian Rudolf-Miklau, Siegfried Sauermoser, Arthur I. Mears 205 $a5th ed. 210 1$aBerlin :$cErnst & Sohn,$d[2015] 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (433 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-34900-2 311 $a3-433-03034-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aThe Technical Avalanche Protection Handbook; Preface; List of contributors; Contents; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Avalanche hazards; 1.1.1 Overview and terminology; 1.1.2 Avalanche hazards: historical and geographical relevance; 1.2 Technical avalanche defense: classification; 1.2.1 Classification scheme of defense measures and their effects; 1.2.2 Permanent technical avalanche protection (defense structures); 1.2.3 Technical avalanche defense with temporary effects; 1.3 Avalanche disasters, development of avalanche defense: historical overview; 1.3.1 Chronicle of avalanche catastrophes 327 $a1.3.1.1 Avalanche disasters in the Alps1.3.1.2 Avalanche disasters in other regions; 1.4 History of avalanche defense; 1.4.1 Historical development in Europe; 2. Avalanches: evolution and impact; 2.1 Characteristics of avalanches; 2.1.1 Definitions and classifications; 2.1.2 Spatial and temporal occurrence of avalanches; 2.2 Meteorological principles of avalanche evolution; 2.2.1 Weather conditions forming avalanches in the European Alps; 2.2.1.1 General remarks; 2.2.1.2 Northwestern (precipitation build up) area; 2.2.1.3 Western weather conditions; 2.2.1.4 South foehn situation 327 $a2.2.1.5 Occlusion from the North East - north-east location2.2.2 Weather conditions forming avalanches in North America (western ranges); 2.2.3 Weather conditions forming avalanches in other mountain regions; 2.3 Nivological principles of avalanche evolution; 2.3.1 Properties of material snow; 2.3.2 Genesis of snow; 2.3.3 Snow metamorphism; 2.3.3.1 General remarks; 2.3.3.2 Principles of snow metamorphosis; 2.3.3.3 Initial metamorphism; 2.3.3.4 Equilibrium growth metamorphism; 2.3.3.5 Faceting; 2.3.3.6 Melt-freeze metamorphism; 2.3.4 Snowpack; 2.3.4.1 Formation of snowpack and layering 327 $a2.3.4.2 Movements and tensions in snow cover2.3.4.3 Avalanche classification according to evolution; 2.4 Frequency and magnitude of avalanche events; 2.4.1 Criteria for frequency, magnitude and risk assessment; 2.4.2 Frequency (recurrence) of avalanche events; 2.4.3 Magnitude of avalanche events; 2.4.4 Intensity of avalanche impact; 2.5 Morphological principles of avalanche evolution; 2.5.1 Avalanche catchment area; 2.5.2 Avalanche starting zone; 2.5.3 Avalanche path; 2.5.4 Avalanche runout zone (deposition zone); 2.6 Avalanche protection forest 327 $a2.6.1 Effects of vegetation and forest on avalanche formation2.6.2 Effects of avalanches on trees and forests; 3. Avalanche dynamics: models and impact; 3.1 Principles of avalanche dynamics; 3.1.1 Physical principles; 3.1.1.1 General remarks; 3.1.1.2 Characteristic criteria of avalanche movement; 3.1.1.3 Avalanche velocity; 3.1.1.4 Model laws of avalanche movement; 3.1.1.5 Mathematical models for avalanche dynamics; 3.1.1.6 Constitutive law; 3.1.2 Dynamics of flow and powder snow avalanches; 3.1.2.1 Avalanche release; 3.1.2.2 Movement of flow avalanches 327 $a3.1.2.3 Movement of powder snow avalanches 330 $aLarge, high-energy snow avalanches can have high destructive consequences in developed areas. Each year, avalanche catastrophes occur in many mountain regions around the globe. This causes a large number of fatalities and severe damage to buildings and infrastructure. In some mountain areas, especially in the European Alps, a high level of safety for settlement areas is attained by application of technical avalanche defense construction. Simultaneously, new risk potentials continue to emerge in mountain regions from building in endangered areas, the establishment of new roads and railway lines 606 $aAvalanches$xControl 615 0$aAvalanches$xControl. 676 $a551.57 676 $a551.57848 702 $aRudolf-Miklau$b Florian 702 $aSauermoser$b Siegfried 702 $aMears$b Arthur I. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910132317303321 996 $aThe technical avalanche protection handbook$92109698 997 $aUNINA