LEADER 04808nam 2200613Ia 450 001 9910455817103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-18634-8 010 $a9786610186341 010 $a0-309-56446-8 035 $a(CKB)110986584752406 035 $a(EBL)3377225 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000133992 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11147956 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000133992 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10046539 035 $a(PQKB)10562867 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377225 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3377225 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10068466 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL18634 035 $a(OCoLC)923269029 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752406 100 $a19851223d1984 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCurrent status of neutron-scattering research and facilities in the United States$b[electronic resource] /$fPanel on Neutron Scattering, Solid State Sciences Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1984 215 $a1 online resource (115 p.) 300 $aWork supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences, under grant No. DE-FG01-81ER10844, and by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DMR-8119500. 311 $a0-309-06229-2 327 $a""Current Status of Neutron-Scattering Research and Facilities in the United States""; ""Copyright""; ""PREFACE""; ""Contents""; ""1. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""2. INTRODUCTION ""; ""3. CURRENT STATUS OF NEUTRON-SCATTERING FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES ""; ""FACILITY DESCRIPTIONS""; ""High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR)--Brookhaven National Laboratory""; ""Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS)--Argonne National Laboratory""; ""Massachusetts Institute of Technology Reactor (MITR)""; ""National Bureau of Standards Reactor (NBSR)"" 327 $a""Oak Ridge National Laboratory Reactors (ORNL)""""University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR)""; ""Weapons Neutron Research/Proton Storage Ring Facility (WNR/PSR) Los Alamos National Laboratory""; ""Summary of Facilities""; ""THE USER COMMUNITY""; ""COMPARISON WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY""; ""4. OVERSEAS NEUTRON-SCATTERING FACILITIES ""; ""RESEARCH REACTORS""; ""PULSED NEUTRON SOURCES""; ""5. RECENT NEUTRON-SCATTERING RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES; COMPARISONS WITH EUROPE ""; ""CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS""; ""Magnetic Systems""; ""Phase Transition""; ""New Materials and Phenomena"" 327 $a""Crystal Dynamics""""Defect Systems""; ""Surfaces and Overlayers""; ""Liquids and Glasses""; ""Quantum Fluids""; ""Classical Liquids""; ""Glasses and Amorphous Solids""; ""NEUTRON OPTICS""; ""CHEMISTRY""; ""Crystallographic Research""; ""Hydrides, Organometallic Compounds, and Heteropoly Complexes""; ""Ionic Conductors and Ceramics""; ""Superconductors""; ""Framework Structures""; ""Charge-Density Studies""; ""Hydrogen-Bonded Compounds""; ""High-Precision Structure Studies""; ""Molecular Fluids and Molten Salts""; ""Chemical Spectroscopy""; ""Vibrational Spectroscopy"" 327 $a""Low-Energy Spectroscopy""""BIOLOGY""; ""Protein Crystallography""; ""Solution Scattering""; ""The Ribosome""; ""Partially Ordered Systems""; ""Inelastic Scattering""; ""Conclusion""; ""POLYMER AND COLLOID SCIENCE""; ""Areas of Special Interest""; ""Some Results from Neutron Scattering""; ""Instrumentation Needs""; ""MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING""; ""Studies of Microstructural Changes Produced by Temperature and Deformation""; ""Use of SANS in the Detection and Analysis of Damage""; ""Measurement of Texture and Residual Stresses by Neutron Diffraction"" 327 $a""Investigations of Phase Decomposition""""6. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES: FACILITIES AND RESEARCH ""; ""CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS""; ""CHEMISTRY""; ""BIOLOGY""; ""POLYMERS""; ""MATERIALS SCIENCE""; ""NEUTRON OPTICS""; ""Role of Pulsed Sources""; ""Concluding Remarks""; ""APPENDIX A INSTITUTIONAL SPONSORS OF USERS OF MAJOR NEUTRON-SCATTERING FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES (JULY 1982-JUNE 1983)""; ""UNIVERSITIES""; ""INDUSTRIES"" 606 $aNeutrons$xScattering 606 $aNuclear facilities 606 $aNuclear physics$xResearch 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aNeutrons$xScattering. 615 0$aNuclear facilities. 615 0$aNuclear physics$xResearch. 676 $a539.7213 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910455817103321 996 $aCurrent status of neutron-scattering research and facilities in the United States$92125800 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05508nam 2200685 450 001 9910132307903321 005 20230807212314.0 010 $a1-118-98595-8 010 $a1-118-98587-7 035 $a(CKB)3710000000315822 035 $a(EBL)1891003 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001440817 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11759727 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001440817 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11392354 035 $a(PQKB)10786128 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1891003 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1891003 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10997811 035 $a(OCoLC)896908440 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000315822 100 $a20150106h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTotal-reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis and related methods /$fReinhold Klockenka?mper, Alex von Bohlen 205 $a2nd ed. 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cWiley,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (555 p.) 225 1 $aChemical Analysis 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-118-46027-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aTotal-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analysis and Related Methods; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; List of Acronyms; List of Physical Units and Subunits; List of Symbols; Chapter 1: Fundamentals of X-Ray Fluorescence; 1.1 A Short History of XRF; 1.2 The New Variant TXRF; 1.2.1 Retrospect on its Development; 1.2.2 Relationship of XRF and TXRF; 1.3 Nature and Production of X-Rays; 1.3.1 The Nature of X-Rays; 1.3.2 X-Ray Tubes as X-Ray Sources; 1.3.2.1 The Line Spectrum; 1.3.2.2 The Continuous Spectrum; 1.3.3 Polarization of X-Rays; 1.3.4 Synchrotron Radiation as X-Ray Source 327 $a1.3.4.1 Electrons in Fields of Bending Magnets 1.3.4.2 Radiation Power of a Single Electron; 1.3.4.3 Angular and Spectral Distribution of SR; 1.3.4.4 Comparison with Black-Body Radiation; 1.4 Attenuation of X-Rays; 1.4.1 Photoelectric Absorption; 1.4.2 X-Ray Scatter; 1.4.3 Total Attenuation; 1.5 Deflection of X-Rays; 1.5.1 Reflection and Refraction; 1.5.2 Diffraction and Bragg's Law; 1.5.3 Total External Reflection; 1.5.3.1 Reflectivity; 1.5.3.2 Penetration Depth; 1.5.4 Refraction and Dispersion; References; Chapter 2: Principles of Total Reflection XRF; 2.1 Interference of X-Rays 327 $a2.1.1 Double-Beam Interference 2.1.2 Multiple-Beam Interference; 2.2 X-Ray Standing Wave Fields; 2.2.1 Standing Waves in Front of a Thick Substrate; 2.2.2 Standing Wave Fields Within a Thin Layer; 2.2.3 Standing Waves Within a Multilayer or Crystal; 2.3 Intensity of Fluorescence Signals; 2.3.1 Infinitely Thick and Flat Substrates; 2.3.2 Granular Residues on a Substrate; 2.3.3 Buried Layers in a Substrate; 2.3.4 Reflecting Layers on Substrates; 2.3.5 Periodic Multilayers and Crystals; 2.4 Formalism for Intensity Calculations; 2.4.1 A Thick and Flat Substrate 327 $a2.4.2 A Thin Homogeneous Layer on a Substrate 2.4.3 A Stratified Medium of Several Layers; References; Chapter 3: Instrumentation for TXRF and GI-XRF; 3.1 Basic Instrumental Setup; 3.2 High and Low-Power X-Ray Sources; 3.2.1 Fine-Focus X-Ray Tubes; 3.2.2 Rotating Anode Tubes; 3.2.3 Air-Cooled X-Ray Tubes; 3.3 Synchrotron Facilities; 3.3.1 Basic Setup with Bending Magnets; 3.3.2 Undulators, Wigglers, and FELs; 3.3.3 Facilities Worldwide; 3.4 The Beam Adapting Unit; 3.4.1 Low-Pass Filters; 3.4.2 Simple Monochromators; 3.4.3 Double-Crystal Monochromators; 3.5 Sample Positioning 327 $a3.5.1 Sample Carriers 3.5.2 Fixed Angle Adjustment for TXRF ("Angle Cut"); 3.5.3 Stepwise-Angle Variation for GI-XRF ("Angle Scan"); 3.6 Energy-Dispersive Detection of X-Rays; 3.6.1 The Semiconductor Detector; 3.6.2 The Silicon Drift Detector; 3.6.3 Position Sensitive Detectors; 3.7 Wavelength-Dispersive Detection of X-Rays; 3.7.1 Dispersing Crystals with Soller Collimators; 3.7.2 Gas-Filled Detectors; 3.7.3 Scintillation Detectors; 3.8 Spectra Registration and Evaluation; 3.8.1 The Registration Unit; 3.8.2 Performance Characteristics; 3.8.2.1 Detector Efficiency; 3.8.2.2 Spectral Resolution 327 $a3.8.2.3 Input-Output Yield 330 $aProviding an accessible introduction into the use of Total-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Analysis, both from a theoretical point of view and for practical applications, this new edition of Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis is completely updated and enlarged to emphasize new methods and techniques. Written to enable students and scientists to evaluate the suitability of a TXRF method for their specific needs, the text provides an overview to the physical fundamentals and principles of Total-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Analysis, explains instrumentation and setups, and 410 0$aChemical analysis. 606 $aFluorescence spectroscopy 606 $aX-ray spectroscopy 606 $aReflectance spectroscopy 615 0$aFluorescence spectroscopy. 615 0$aX-ray spectroscopy. 615 0$aReflectance spectroscopy. 676 $a543.56 700 $aReinhold Klockenka?mper$0845698 702 $aBohlen$b Alex von 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910132307903321 996 $aTotal-reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis and related methods$91887913 997 $aUNINA