LEADER 05501nam 2200685 450 001 9910132274703321 005 20230807213823.0 010 $a1-118-69635-2 010 $a1-118-69631-X 010 $a1-118-69633-6 035 $a(CKB)3710000000365804 035 $a(EBL)1977746 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001437568 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11864133 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001437568 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11364449 035 $a(PQKB)10459525 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1977746 035 $a(DLC) 2014018018 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1977746 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11025885 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL770009 035 $a(OCoLC)904518314 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000365804 100 $a20150317h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aBiaxial nematic liquid crystals $etheory, simulation, and experiment /$fedited by Geoffrey R. Luckhurst and Timothy J. Sluckin 210 1$aChichester, England :$cWiley,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (424 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a0-470-87195-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aCover; Contents; About the Editors; List of Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 Historical Background; 1.2 Freiser Theory; 1.3 Nematic Order Parameters; 1.4 Nematic Tensor Order Parameters; 1.5 Theoretical Phase Diagrams; 1.6 Landau-de Gennes Theory; 1.7 Computer Simulation; 1.8 Other Theoretical Issues; 1.9 Applications; 1.10 Characterisation; 1.11 Lyotropic and Colloidal Systems; 1.12 Molecular Design; References; Chapter 2 Biaxial Nematics: Order Parameters and Distribution Functions; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Cartesian Language; 2.2.1 Order Parameters 327 $a2.2.2 Molecular Symmetry2.2.3 Measurement; 2.3 The Spherical Tensor Language; 2.3.1 The Order Parameters of Biaxial Molecules in a Uniaxial Phase; 2.3.2 Molecular Symmetry; 2.3.3 Measurement; 2.4 Extension to Biaxial Nematics; 2.4.1 Orientational Order Parameters; 2.4.2 Systems with D2h Point Group Symmetry; 2.4.3 Measurement of the Order Parameters; 2.4.4 Systems with C2h Point Group Symmetry and Their Order Parameters; 2.4.5 Systems with C2h Point Group Symmetry: The Cartesian Language; 2.5 Fourth-Rank Order Parameters; 2.6 The Singlet Orientational Distribution Function; 2.7 Appendices 327 $a2.7.1 Point Group Symmetry and the Associated Symmetry Operations2.7.2 Legendre Polynomials, Modified Spherical Harmonics and Wigner Rotation Matrices; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 3 Molecular Field Theory; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 General Mathematical Theory; 3.2.1 Two-Particle Hamiltonian; 3.2.2 Ensemble Potentials; 3.2.3 Molecular Field Approximation; 3.2.4 Variational Principles; 3.2.5 Local Stability Criterion; 3.3 Non-Polar Molecules; 3.3.1 Quadrupolar Hamiltonians; 3.3.2 Phase Transitions; 3.3.3 Universal Phase Diagram; 3.3.4 Steric Effects; 3.4 Polar Molecules 327 $a3.4.1 Dipolar Fluids3.4.2 Dipolar Hamiltonian; 3.4.3 Condensed Polar Phases; References; Chapter 4 Hard Particle Theories; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Theoretical Approaches; 4.3 Board-Like Models; 4.4 Bent-Core Models; 4.5 Rod-Plate Mixtures; 4.6 Conclusions and Speculations; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 5 Landau Theory of Nematic Phases; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Symmetry of Biaxial Nematics and Primary Order Parameters; 5.3 Landau Expansion; 5.3.1 Generic NU-I Phase Transition; 5.3.2 Generic NB-NU and NB-I Phase Transitions; 5.3.3 Role of Coupling between Nematic Order Parameters 327 $a5.3.4 Landau-de Gennes Expansion in Terms of the Alignment Tensor5.4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 6 Computer Simulations of Biaxial Nematics; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Order Parameters; 6.3 Model Potentials and Applications; 6.3.1 Lattice Models; 6.3.2 Atomistic Models; 6.3.3 Molecular Models; 6.4 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; 6.5 Appendices; 6.5.1 Quaternions; 6.5.2 Angular Momentum Operator; 6.5.3 Kinematic and Dynamic Equations of Rotational Motion; 6.5.4 Propagator/Integrator of Rotational Equations of Motion; 6.5.5 Gradient of the Biaxial Gay-Berne Potential 327 $a6.5.6 Torques of the Biaxial Gay-Berne Potential 330 $aLiquid Crystals are a state of matter that have properties between those of conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. Thermotropic liquid crystals react to changes in temperature or, in some cases, pressure. The reaction of lyotropic liquid crystals, which are used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents, depends on the type of solvent they are mixed with. Since the accidental discovery of the chiral nematic (ordered) phase in 1888 many liquid crystal phases have been found, sometimes by chance and sometimes by design. The existence of one such phase was predicted by Freiser in 197 606 $aNematic liquid crystals 606 $aLiquid crystals$xSpectra 606 $aLiquid crystals$xResearch 615 0$aNematic liquid crystals. 615 0$aLiquid crystals$xSpectra. 615 0$aLiquid crystals$xResearch. 676 $a530.4/29 702 $aLuckhurst$b G. R. 702 $aSluckin$b Timothy J. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910132274703321 996 $aBiaxial nematic liquid crystals$92026197 997 $aUNINA