LEADER 05871nam 2200757 450 001 9910132237403321 005 20200903223051.0 010 $a1-118-70445-2 010 $a1-118-70441-X 010 $a1-118-70421-5 035 $a(CKB)3710000000093191 035 $a(EBL)1647732 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001132596 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11666576 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001132596 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11155268 035 $a(PQKB)11441509 035 $a(OCoLC)875666294 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1647732 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1647732 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10849276 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL584533 035 $a(OCoLC)873140942 035 $a(PPN)187875189 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000093191 100 $a20140327h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aModeling the ionosphere-thermosphere system /$fJoseph Huba, Robert Schunk, George Khazanov, editors 210 1$aWashington, District of Columbia :$cAmerican Geophysical Union,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (350 p.) 225 1 $aGeophysical Monograph Series,$x0065-8448 ;$v201 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-87590-491-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aModeling the Ionosphere- Thermosphere System; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Introduction; Section I: Physical Processes; Ionosphere-Thermosphere Physics: Current Status and Problems; 1.INTRODUCTION; 2.MISSING PHYSICS IN GLOBAL PHYSICS-BASED IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODELS; 3.SUMMARY; REFERENCES; Physical Characteristics and Modeling of Earth's Thermosphere; 1.INTRODUCTION; 2.THE GAS LAW AND HYDROSTATIC BALANCE; 3. CONTINUITY EQUATION; 4. LAGRANGIAN VERSUS EULERIAN FRAMES OF REFERENCE; 5. HORIZONTALLY STRATIFIED FLUID AND OTHER COMMON ASSUMPTION; 6. CORIOLIS EFFECT; 7. VISCOUS DRAG; 8. ION DRAG 327 $a9. MOMENTUM EQUATION 10. ENERGY EQUATIONS; 11. NEUTRAL COMPOSITION; 12. GLOBAL WIND, TEMPERATURE, DENSITY,AND COMPOSITION STRUCTURE; 13. THERMAL EXPANSION; 14. NEUTRAL COMPOSITION BULGE; 15. WINDS AND NON-LINEARITIES AT HIGH LATITUDE; 16. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Solar Cycle Changes in the Photochemistry of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. RESULTS; 3. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Energetics and Composition in the Thermosphere; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. DATA AND MODELS THAT HAVE INCREASED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF; 3. THE CONTINUITY EQUATION, THE ENERGY EQUATION, AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 327 $a4. THE CAUSES OF TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN THE LOW AND MIDDLE LATITUDES OF THE UPPER THERMOSPHERE DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORMS 5. SUMMARY; REFERENCES; Section II: Numerical Methods; Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. GENERAL EQUATIONS; 3. FIELD-ALIGNED DYNAMICS; 4. CROSS-FIELD DYNAMICS; 5. SUMMARY; REFERENCES; Ionospheric Electrodynamics Modeling; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. EQUATIONS OF IONOSPHERIC ELECTRO DYNAMICS; 3. MODELING IONOSPHERE MAGNETOSPHERE COUPLING; 4. MODELING IONOSPHERIC CONDUCTIVITIES; 5. MODELING THERMOSPHERIC WINDS; 6. PLASMA GRAVITY AND PRESSURE GRADIENT CURRENTS 327 $a6. PLASMA GRAVITY AND PRESSURE GRADIENT CURRENTS 7. SOLVING FOR THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; 8. IONOSPHERIC CURRENT SYSTEM AND GEOMAGNETIC PERTURBATIONS; 9. FUTURE DIRECTIONS; REFERENCES; Section III: IT Models; The NCAR TIE-GCM: A Community Model of the Coupled Thermosphere/Ionosphere System; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MODEL DEVELOPMENT HISTORY; 3. MODEL DESCRIPTION; 4. SOME MODEL VALIDATION EXAMPLES; 5. FUTURE IMPROVEMENTAND DEVELOPMENT PLANS; REFERENCES; The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatics Processes; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. GLOBAL IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL 327 $a3. NONHYDROSTATIC PROCESSES 4. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION; APPENDIX A: EQUATIONS IN GITM MODEL; REFERENCES; Traveling Atmospheric Disturbance and Gravity Wave Coupling in the Thermosphere; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. GLOBAL THERMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE MODEL; 3. SIMULATION SETUP; 4. SIMULATION RESULTS; 5. SUMMARY; REFERENCES; Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MODEL DESCRIPTION AND OUTPUT; 3. A STATISTICAL STUDY OF LOW-LATITUDEIONOSPHERIC DENSITIES; 4. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION; REFERENCES; Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3 327 $a1. INTRODUCTION 330 $aPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201.Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System brings together for the first time a detailed description of the physics of the IT system in conjunction with numerical techniques to solve the complex system of equations that describe the system, as well as issues of current interest. Volume highlights include discussions of: Physics of the ionosphere and thermosphere IT system, and the numerical methods to solve the basic equations of the IT system The physics and 410 0$aGeophysical monograph series ;$v201. 606 $aIonosphere$xMathematical models 606 $aThermosphere$xMathematical models 606 $aAtmospheric thermodynamics 606 $aDynamic meteorology 615 0$aIonosphere$xMathematical models. 615 0$aThermosphere$xMathematical models. 615 0$aAtmospheric thermodynamics. 615 0$aDynamic meteorology. 676 $a551.51 702 $aHuba$b J. D$g(Joseph D.),$f1950- 702 $aSchunk$b R. W$g(Robert W.), 702 $aKhazanov$b G. V$g(Georgii? Vladimirovich), 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910132237403321 996 $aModeling the ionosphere-thermosphere system$92189388 997 $aUNINA