LEADER 05921nam 2200805 450 001 9910132205703321 005 20230803202250.0 010 $a1-118-85269-9 010 $a1-118-85240-0 010 $a1-118-85250-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000106394 035 $a(EBL)1683389 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001194399 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11731493 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001194399 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11154103 035 $a(PQKB)11190193 035 $a(OCoLC)879026302 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1683389 035 $a(DLC) 2013047213 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4039260 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1683389 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10867122 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL604389 035 $a(OCoLC)863854655 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4039260 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11112874 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000106394 100 $a20140514h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aPesticide risk assessment for pollinators /$fedited by David Fischer, Thomas Moriarty 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aAmes, Iowa :$cWiley-Blackwell,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (260 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-118-85252-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aPesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgments; About the Editors; Workshop Participants; Pellston Workshop Series; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Workshop Balance and Composition; 2 Overview of the Honey Bee; 2.1 Overview of Honey Bee Biology; 3 Overview of Non-Apis Bees; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Non-Apis Bee Biology and Diversity; 3.2.1 Generalist and Specialist Foragers; 3.2.2 Social and Solitary Behavior; 3.2.3 Status of Toxicity Testing for Non-Apis Bees; 3.3 Opportunities for Non-Apis Bees to Inform Pollinator Risk Assessment; 3.4 Conclusions 327 $aReferences4 Overview of Protection Goals forPollinators; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Elements and Proposed Protection Goals; 4.3 Linking Protection Goals with Assessment Endpoints; 4.4 Protection Goals and Monitoring; 4.5 Conclusion; Reference; 5 Overview of the Pesticide Risk Assessment and the Regulatory Process; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Current Approach for Assessing Effects of Pesticide Products to Pollinators; 5.2.1 Risk Assessment for Systemic Compounds; 5.2.2 Trigger Criterion and Levels of Concern; References 327 $a6 Problem Formulation for an Assessment of Risk to Honey Bees from Applications of Plant Protection Products to Agricultural Crops6.1 What Is Problem Formulation?; 6.1.1 Selecting Assessment Endpoints; 6.1.2 Ecological Relevance; 6.1.3 Susceptibility to Known or Potential Stressors; 6.1.4 Defining and Relation of Assessment Endpoints to Protection Goals; 6.1.5 Conceptual Models; 6.2 Case 1: Problem Formulation for a Systemic Chemical Applied to the Soil, or as a Seed-Dressing; 6.2.1 Stressor Description; 6.2.2 Protection Goals; 6.2.3 Assessment Endpoints; 6.2.4 Conceptual Model 327 $a6.2.5 Analysis Plan6.2.6 Data Needs for Exposure Characterization; 6.2.7 Data Needs for Effects Characterization; 6.2.8 Risk Characterization Approach; 6.3 Case 2: Problem Formulation for a Contact Chemical Applied asaFoliar Spray; 6.3.1 Stressor Description; 6.3.2 Management Goals; 6.3.3 Assessment Endpoints; 6.3.4 Conceptual Model; 6.3.5 Analysis Plan; 6.3.6 Screening Assessment; 6.3.7 Data Needs for Refined Exposure Characterization; 6.3.8 Data Needs for Effects Characterization; 6.3.9 Risk Characterization Approach; References; 7 Assessing Exposure of Pesticidesto Bees; 7.1 Introduction 327 $a7.1.1 Potential Exposure to Foraging Bees7.1.2 Potential Exposure to Non-foraging Bees From Beeswax; 7.1.3 Residue Movement Through the Hive; 7.2 Potential Routes of Exposure for Non-Apis Bees; 7.2.1 Nesting Sites and Nesting Materials for Non-Apis Species; 7.3 Methods and Models for Estimating Exposure of Bees to Pesticides; 7.3.1 Screening Level Exposure Estimates; 7.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Pesticide Active Ingredients Which Affect Exposure; 7.5 Information Needed to Develop Refined Predictive Exposure Models; 7.6 Predicted Contact Exposure for Foliar-Applied Products 327 $a7.7 Predicted Dietary Exposure for Foliar-Applied Products 330 $aPollinators play a vital role in ecosystem health and are essential to ensuring food security. With declines in both managed and wild pollinator populations in recent years, scientists and regulators have sought answers to this problem and have explored implementing steps to protect pollinator populations now and for the future. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators focuses on the role pesticides play in impacting bee populations and looks to develop a risk assessment process, along with the data to inform that process, to better assess the potential risks that can accompany the 606 $aBees$xEffect of pesticides on 606 $aHoneybee$xEffect of pesticides on 606 $aBees$xHealth 606 $aPesticides$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aPesticides and wildlife 615 0$aBees$xEffect of pesticides on. 615 0$aHoneybee$xEffect of pesticides on. 615 0$aBees$xHealth. 615 0$aPesticides$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aPesticides and wildlife. 676 $a638/.159 702 $aFischer$b David$f1955- 702 $aMoriarty$b Thomas 712 12$aSETAC Pellston Workshop on Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators$f(2011 :$ePensacola, Fla.) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910132205703321 996 $aPesticide risk assessment for pollinators$92290436 997 $aUNINA