LEADER 05460nam 2200673 450 001 9910132155103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a3-527-33691-5 010 $a3-527-33692-3 035 $a(CKB)3710000000218730 035 $a(EBL)1765115 035 $a(OCoLC)887507398 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001411994 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11897497 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001411994 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11406361 035 $a(PQKB)11444655 035 $a(OCoLC)891396716 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1765115 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1765115 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10907564 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL637250 035 $a(PPN)224335464 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000218730 100 $a20140822h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aIndustrial coal gasification technologies covering baseline and high-ash coal /$fMartin Gra?bner 210 1$aWeinheim, Germany :$cWiley-VCH,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (387 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-33690-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aIndustrial Coal Gasification Technologies Covering Baseline and High-Ash Coal; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Coal Gasification in a Global Context; 2.1 Applications of Coal Gasification; 2.2 The Three Generations of Coal Gasifiers; 2.2.1 First Generation of Coal Gasifiers; 2.2.2 Second Generation of Coal Gasifiers; 2.2.3 Third Generation of Coal Gasifiers; 2.3 Typical Feedstock and Products; 2.3.1 Feedstock; 2.3.2 Products; 2.3.2.1 Ammonia; 2.3.2.2 Methanol and Derivatives; 2.3.2.3 Electricity (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) 327 $a2.3.2.4 Substitute Natural Gas (Synthetic Natural Gas)2.3.2.5 Fischer-Tropsch Liquids; 2.3.2.6 Hydrogen Production; 2.3.2.7 Others; 2.4 Main Markets for Coal Gasification; 2.5 Challenges and Opportunities for Coal Gasification; 2.6 Environmental Aspects; 2.6.1 Air Emissions; 2.6.1.1 Pollutants; 2.6.1.2 Greenhouse Gases; 2.6.2 Water Effluents; 2.6.3 Solid Waste; References; 3 Coal Characterization for Gasification; 3.1 Coal as Gasification Feedstock; 3.2 Petrographic Coal Analysis; 3.2.1 Introduction to Macerals; 3.2.2 Technological Background; 3.2.3 Groups of Macerals 327 $a3.2.3.1 Huminite and Vitrinite 3.2.3.2 Liptinite; 3.2.3.3 Inertinite; 3.2.4 Blend Identification; 3.2.4.1 Background; 3.2.4.2 Terms and Definitions; 3.2.4.3 Interpretation of a Reflectance Analysis; 3.2.5 Temperature Estimation Using Optical Reflectance; 3.2.6 Detection of Other Material; 3.3 Coal Classification; 3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 Reporting of Coal Analyses; 3.3.3 Classification According to the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard; 3.3.4 Classification According to the International Organization for Standardization; 3.3.5 Other Nomenclatures Relevant to Gasification 327 $a3.3.5.1 Salty Coals 3.3.5.2 Ballast Coals; 3.3.5.3 Low-Value or Low-grade Gasification Coals; 3.3.5.4 Three-High Coals; 3.4 Coal Sampling; 3.5 Proximate Analysis; 3.5.1 Moisture Content; 3.5.1.1 Technological Background; 3.5.1.2 Analysis of Moisture; 3.5.2 Ash Content; 3.5.3 Volatile Matter Content; 3.5.4 Fixed Carbon; 3.5.5 Alternative Method; 3.6 Fischer Assay; 3.7 Ultimate Analysis; 3.7.1 Technological Background; 3.7.2 Analysis Procedure; 3.7.3 Carbon; 3.7.4 Hydrogen; 3.7.5 Nitrogen; 3.7.6 Sulfur; 3.7.7 Oxygen; 3.7.8 Chlorine; 3.8 Heating Values; 3.8.1 Technological Background 327 $a3.8.2 Analysis Procedure 3.8.3 Estimation by Empirical Correlations; 3.8.4 Enthalpy of Formation; 3.9 Caking Properties; 3.9.1 Gray-King Assay; 3.9.2 Free-Swelling Index; 3.9.3 Roga Index; 3.9.4 Dilatation Test; 3.10 Reactivity; 3.10.1 Technological Background; 3.10.2 Determination of Reactivity; 3.10.2.1 General Considerations; 3.10.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis; 3.10.2.3 Fixed-Bed Reactors; 3.10.2.4 Entrained Particle Reactors; 3.10.2.5 Wire-Mesh Reactors; 3.10.3 Spontaneous Ignition; 3.11 Mineral Matter and Ash Analysis; 3.11.1 Technological Background; 3.11.2 Minerals in Coal 327 $a3.11.2.1 Origin of Coal Mineral Matter 330 $aCoal gasification is the process for production of syngas, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and dioxide, from coal and water. It is a classical example for the interaction of basic chemistry, chemical engineering, ecological and economic aspects. This monograph provides the reader with the necessary basic scientific background and displays with industry-proven examples efficiency, but also boundaries of models.Special emphases are a comprehensive overview on latest technology developments, and the introduction of an innovative, new order scheme for evaluation of the gasification process 606 $aCoal 606 $aMines and mineral resources 606 $aMining engineering$xHistory 615 0$aCoal. 615 0$aMines and mineral resources. 615 0$aMining engineering$xHistory. 676 $a662.62 700 $aGra?bner$b Martin$0968564 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910132155103321 996 $aIndustrial coal gasification technologies covering baseline and high-ash coal$92199983 997 $aUNINA