LEADER 05025nam 2200625 450 001 9910131531203321 005 20230621141104.0 010 $a9782889192502 (ebook) 035 $a(CKB)3710000000504561 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001680120 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16495913 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001680120 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)15028182 035 $a(PQKB)11084383 035 $a(WaSeSS)IndRDA00057287 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/45332 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000504561 100 $a20160829d2014 uy | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aDNA, statistics and the law$b[electronic resource] $ea cross-disciplinary approach to forensic inference /$ftopic editors Alex Biedermann, Joëlle Vuille and Franco Taroni 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2014 210 31$aFrance :$cFrontiers Media SA,$d2014 215 $a1 online resource (39 pages) 225 0 $aFrontiers Research Topics 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 $aFrom ABO typing during the first half of the 20th century, to the use of enzymes and protein contained in blood serums and finally direct DNA typing, biology has been serving forensic purposes for many decades. Statistics, in turn, has been constantly underpinning the discussions of the probative value of results of biological analyses, in particular when defendants could not be considered as excluded as potential sources because of different genetic traits. The marriage between genetics and statistics has never been an easy one, though, as is illustrated by fierce arguments that peaked in the so-called "DNA wars" in some American courtrooms in the mid-1990s. This controversy has contributed to a lively production of research and publications on various interpretative topics, such as the collection of relevant data, foundations in population genetics as well as theoretical and practical considerations in probability and statistics. Both DNA profiling as a technique and the associated statistical considerations are now widely accepted as robust, but this does not yet guarantee or imply a neat transition to their application in court. Indeed, statistical principles applied to results of forensic DNA profiling analyses are a necessary, yet not a sufficient preliminary requirement for the contextually meaningful use of DNA in the law. Ultimately, the appropriate use of DNA in the forensic context relies on inference, i.e. reasoning reasonably in the face of uncertainty. This is all the more challenging that such thought processes need to be adopted by stakeholders from various backgrounds and holding diverse interests. Although several topics of the DNA controversy have been settled over time, some others are still debated (such as the question of how to deal with the probability of error), while yet others - purportedly settled topics - saw some recent revivals (e.g., the question of how to deal with database searches). In addition, new challenging topics have emerged over the last decade, such as the analysis and interpretation of traces containing only low quantities of DNA where artefacts of varying nature may affect results. Both technical and interpretative research involving statistics thus represent areas where ongoing research is necessary, and where scholars from the natural sciences and the law should collaborate. The articles in this Research Topic thus aim to investigate, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the current understanding of the strengths and limitations of DNA profiling results in legal applications. This Research Topic accepts contributions in all frontiers article type categories and places an emphasis on topics with a multidisciplinary perspective that explore (while not being limited to) statistical genetics for forensic scientists, case studies and reports, evaluation and interpretation of forensic findings, communication of expert findings to laypersons, quantitative legal reasoning and fact-finding using probability. 606 $aBiology - General$2HILCC 606 $aBiology$2HILCC 606 $aHealth & Biological Sciences$2HILCC 610 $aprobability theory 610 $ainterpretation 610 $aBacterial DNA 610 $aStatistics and the law 610 $aForensic DNA profiling 610 $aLow-template DNA analysis 610 $aCommercialization 610 $aDNA transfer 610 $aforensic molecular biology 615 7$aBiology - General 615 7$aBiology 615 7$aHealth & Biological Sciences 700 $aAlex Biedermann$4auth$01364623 702 $aBiedermann$b Alex 702 $aVuille$b Joëlle 702 $aTaroni$b Franco 801 0$bPQKB 801 2$bUkMaJRU 912 $a9910131531203321 996 $aDNA, statistics and the law$93386061 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04141nam 2200985z- 450 001 9910576881203321 005 20220621 035 $a(CKB)5720000000008363 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/84448 035 $a(oapen)doab84448 035 $a(EXLCZ)995720000000008363 100 $a20202206d2022 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDown Syndrome$eNeuropsychological Phenotype across the Lifespan 210 $aBasel$cMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute$d2022 215 $a1 online resource (180 p.) 311 08$a3-0365-3962-X 311 08$a3-0365-3961-1 330 $aDown syndrome (DS), caused by the triplication of chromosome 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with DS commonly exhibit unique neuropsychological profiles that emerge during specific developmental stages across the lifespan, often characterized by early developmental delay, cognitive strengths and weaknesses, behavior and mental health issues, and age-related cognitive decline, frequently resulting in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. These profiles are unique compared to other individuals with ID and reflect the genetic mechanisms and neuroanatomic features underlying the distinct neuropsychological phenotype associated with DS. This Special Issue aims to highlight the recent advancements in understanding the neuropsychological phenotype associated with DS across the lifespan. The lifespan perspective will cover four developmental stages: (1) early childhood; (2) school age; (3) young adulthood, and (4) older adulthood. Authors contributed cutting-edge original research studies and comprehensive reviews that address a broad range of topics related to DS, including early developmental trajectories, cognitive functioning, language, adaptive skills, behavior and mental health, assessment and diagnosis, age-related cognitive decline, and medical issues related to the neuropsychological phenotype and neuroimaging. 517 $aDown Syndrome 606 $aMedicine and Nursing$2bicssc 606 $aNeurosciences$2bicssc 610 $aAlzheimer's disease 610 $aAPOE ?4 610 $aattention 610 $aaudiovisual processing 610 $aautism spectrum disorder 610 $abiomarkers 610 $achildren 610 $aco-occurrence 610 $aco-occurring 610 $acognition 610 $acognitive decline 610 $acognitive function 610 $acommunicative abilities in infants 610 $acomorbidity 610 $adecoding 610 $adementia 610 $adepression 610 $adisfluency 610 $adown syndrome 610 $aDown syndrome 610 $aearly regression 610 $aearly-onset Alzheimer disease 610 $afluency 610 $aFree T4 610 $afunctional independence 610 $ahypothyroidism 610 $aidiopathic regression 610 $aindependence 610 $alanguage 610 $alate-onset Alzheimer disease 610 $aletters 610 $ameasurement 610 $amild cognitive impairment 610 $an/a 610 $aneuropsychological assessment 610 $aneuropsychological tests 610 $aphonological awareness 610 $aprevalence 610 $aprimary care 610 $aproxy-report 610 $aregression 610 $ascreening 610 $aselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 610 $asocial behavior 610 $asocial cognition 610 $athyroid autoantibodies 610 $atransition to adulthood 610 $atrisomy 21 610 $aTrisomy 21 610 $aTSH 610 $avocabulary 615 7$aMedicine and Nursing 615 7$aNeurosciences 700 $aPulsifer$b Margaret B$4edt$01294323 702 $aPulsifer$b Margaret B$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910576881203321 996 $aDown Syndrome$93023148 997 $aUNINA