LEADER 05337nam 2200637Ia 450 001 9910130865303321 005 20240516064312.0 010 $a1-283-40566-0 010 $a9786613405661 010 $a1-118-30297-4 010 $a1-119-99731-3 010 $a1-119-99836-0 035 $a(CKB)3460000000003363 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000476964 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11317149 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000476964 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10502253 035 $a(PQKB)10686836 035 $a(OCoLC)760886334 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC699505 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL699505 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10510633 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL340566 035 $a(EXLCZ)993460000000003363 100 $a20110105d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aElements of modern X-ray physics /$fJens Als-Nielsen, Des McMorrow 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aChichester, West Sussex $cJohn Wiley$d2011 215 $axii, 419 p. $cill. (some col.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-470-97394-3 311 $a0-470-97395-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the first edition -- Acknowledgements from the first edition -- Notes on the use of this book -- Chapter 1 X-rays and their interaction with matter -- 1.1 X-rays: waves and photons -- 1.2 Scattering -- 1.3 Absorption -- 1.4 Refraction and reflection -- 1.5 Coherence -- 1.6 Magnetic interactions -- 1.7 Further reading -- Chapter 2 Sources -- 2.1 Early history and the X-ray tube -- 2.2 Introduction to synchrotron radiation -- 2.3 Synchrotron radiation from a circular arc -- 2.4 Undulator radiation -- 2.5 Wiggler radiation -- 2.6 Free-electron lasers -- 2.7 Compact light sources -- 2.8 Coherence volume and photon degeneracy -- 2.9 Further reading -- 2.10 Exercises -- Chapter 3 Refraction and reflection from interfaces -- 3.1 Refraction and phase shift in scattering -- 3.2 Refractive index and scattering length density -- 3.3 Refractive index including absorption -- 3.4 Snell's law and the Fresnel equations in the X-ray region -- 3.5 Reflection from a homogeneous slab -- 3.6 Specular reflection from multilayers -- 3.7 Reflectivity from a graded interface -- 3.8 Rough interfaces and surfaces -- 3.9 Examples of reflectivity studies -- 3.10 X-ray optics -- 3.11 Further reading -- 3.12 Exercises -- Chapter 4 Kinematical scattering I: non-crystalline materials -- 4.1 Two electrons -- 4.2 Scattering from an atom -- 4.3 Scattering from a molecule -- 4.4 Scattering from liquids and glasses -- 4.5 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) -- 4.6 Further reading -- 4.7 Exercises -- Chapter 5 Kinematical scattering II: crystalline order -- 5.1 Scattering from a crystal -- 5.2 Quasiperiodic structures -- 5.3 Crystal truncation rods -- 5.4 Lattice vibrations, the Debye-Waller factor and TDS -- 5.5 The measured intensity from a crystallite -- 5.6 Applications of kinematical diffraction. 327 $a5.7 Further reading -- 5.8 Exercises -- Chapter 6 Diffraction by perfect crystals -- 6.1 One atomic layer: reflection and transmission -- 6.2 Kinematical reflection from a few layers -- 6.3 Darwin theory and dynamical diffraction -- 6.4 The Darwin reflectivity curve -- 6.5 DuMond diagrams -- 6.6 Further reading -- 6.7 Exercises -- Chapter 7 Photoelectric absorption -- 7.1 X-ray absorption by an isolated atom -- 7.2 EXAFS and near-edge structure -- 7.3 X-ray dichroism -- 7.4 ARPES -- 7.5 Further reading -- 7.6 Exercises -- Chapter 8 Resonant scattering -- 8.1 The forced charged oscillator model -- 8.2 The atom as an assembly of oscillators -- 8.3 The Kramers-Kronig relations -- 8.4 Numerical estimate of f -- 8.5 Breakdown of Friedel's law and Bijvoet pairs -- 8.6 The phase problem in crystallography -- 8.7 Quantum mechanical description -- 8.8 Further reading -- 8.9 Exercises -- Chapter 9 Imaging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Absorption contrast imaging -- 9.3 Phase contrast imaging -- 9.4 Coherent diffraction imaging -- 9.5 Holography -- 9.6 Further reading -- 9.7 Exercises -- A Scattering and absorption cross-sections -- B Classical electric dipole radiation -- C Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- D Gaussian statistics -- E Fourier transforms -- F Comparison of X-rays with neutrons -- G MATLABŪ computer programs -- H Answers to exercises and hints -- Bibliography -- Index -- List of symbols -- EULA. 330 $a"Although the book has been written from the perspective of two physicists, we hope that it will be useful to the wider community of biologists, chemists, material scientists, etc., who work at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world"--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aX-rays 606 $aElectromagnetic waves 615 0$aX-rays. 615 0$aElectromagnetic waves. 676 $a539.7/222 686 $aSCI077000$2bisacsh 700 $aAls-Nielsen$b J$g(Jens),$f1937-$0914386 701 $aMcMorrow$b Des$0914387 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910130865303321 996 $aElements of modern X-ray physics$92048554 997 $aUNINA