LEADER 08557nam 2200493 450 001 9910483398503321 005 20211016075524.0 010 $a981-336-598-6 035 $a(CKB)4100000011807104 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6531657 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6531657 035 $a(OCoLC)1244627817 035 $a(PPN)254723578 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011807104 100 $a20211016d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDeath-feigning in insects $emechanism and function of tonic immobility /$fMasaki Sakai, editor 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer,$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (185 pages) 225 1 $aEntomology Monographs 311 $a981-336-597-8 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Freezing and Tonic Immobility: Their Definitions and Naming -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Freezing and TI -- 1.2.1 A Rat and a Cat -- 1.2.1.1 Step 1 (Encounter, Fig. 1.1A-1) -- 1.2.1.2 Step 2 (Approach, Fig. 1.1A-2) -- 1.2.1.3 Step 3 (Imminent Attack, Fig. 1.1A-3) -- 1.2.1.4 Step 4 (Attack, Fig. 1.1A-4) -- 1.2.2 A Beetle and a Toad -- 1.2.2.1 Step 1 (Encounter, Fig. 1.1B-1) -- 1.2.2.2 Step 2 (Approach, Fig. 1.1B-2) -- 1.2.2.3 Step 3 (Attack, Fig. 1.1B-3) -- 1.3 Mechanisms of Freezing -- 1.3.1 Vertebrates -- 1.3.2 Insects -- 1.4 Mechanisms of TI -- 1.4.1 Animals -- 1.4.2 Brief History of TI Studies -- 1.4.3 General Features and Neural Mechanisms of TI -- 1.4.3.1 Vertebrates -- 1.4.3.2 Hypotheses of TI Based on Vertebrate Study -- 1.4.3.3 Insects -- 1.5 Naming -- 1.5.1 Freezing -- 1.5.2 TI -- References -- Chapter 2: Historical Review on Thanatosis with Special Reference to the Work of Fritz Steiniger -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Which Kind of Stimuli Induce or Abolish the Cataleptic State? -- 2.3 Localization of "Center of Cataleptic State" -- 2.4 The Ecological Importance of the Cataleptic State -- 2.5 Evolutionary Considerations -- 2.6 Definitions of Various Animal Immobilities by Steiniger -- 2.7 Conditions for Inducing Immobility in an Animal -- 2.8 Problems with the Term "Animal Hypnosis" -- References -- Chapter 3: The Function of Tonic Immobility: Review and Prospectus -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Problems in the Study of the Function of TI -- 3.2.1 Confusion with Similar Concepts -- 3.2.2 Misunderstandings Due to the Meanings Contained in the Terms -- 3.3 Case Studies of the Function of TI -- 3.3.1 Specialized TI Posture for Gape-Limited Predators -- 3.3.1.1 Defensive Mechanism of TI -- 3.3.1.2 Effectiveness of the Defense -- 3.3.1.3 Predator Specificity of TI Defense -- 3.3.1.4 Generality of Function. 327 $a3.3.2 Instantaneous Switching of Defensive Coloration -- 3.3.3 Proactive Dropping and TI as a "Side Effect" -- 3.3.4 Other Studies on TI Functions -- 3.4 Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 4: Environmental, Physiological, and Genetic Effects on Tonic Immobility in Beetles -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Feature of Tonic Immobility in the Beetles Used -- 4.3 Taxonomic Distribution -- 4.4 Phenotypic Plasticity: Two Modes in Insects -- 4.4.1 Pre-Stimulus Behaviors -- 4.4.2 Circadian Rhythm -- 4.4.3 Mating -- 4.4.4 Starvation -- 4.4.5 Ambient Temperature -- 4.4.6 Body Size -- 4.4.7 Age -- 4.4.8 Season -- 4.4.9 Conclusion -- 4.5 Artificial Selection for Duration of Tonic Immobility and the Correlated Responses -- 4.5.1 Model Study 1: Tribolium Species -- 4.5.1.1 Direct Responses -- 4.5.1.2 Correlated Response I: Cost of Tonic Immobility -- 4.5.1.3 Correlated Response II: Activity -- 4.5.1.4 Correlated Response III: Dopamine and Biogenic Amines -- 4.5.1.5 Transcriptomic Comparison -- 4.5.1.6 Arousal from Tonic Immobility -- 4.5.2 Model Study 2: Callosobruchus chinensis -- 4.6 Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 5: Ultrasound-Induced Freezing Response in Moths -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Hidden Ultrasonic Communication -- 5.3 Calling Ultrasound -- 5.3.1 Mating System with Calling Songs -- 5.3.1.1 Noctuoidea -- 5.3.1.2 Pyraloidea -- 5.3.2 Evolution of Calling Songs -- 5.4 Courtship Ultrasound -- 5.4.1 Loud Courtship Songs -- 5.4.2 Soft Courtship Songs -- 5.5 Secondary Use of Freezing Response -- 5.5.1 True Love Songs -- 5.5.2 Deceptive Love Songs -- 5.5.3 Evolutionary Origin of Courtship Songs -- References -- Chapter 6: Vibration-Induced Immobility in Coleopteran Insects -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Vibration-Induced Immobility -- 6.1.2 Vibration-Induced Immobility and Communication -- 6.2 TI and Freeze Responses in Coleoptera. 327 $a6.2.1 Survey of TI and Freeze Responses -- 6.2.2 TI and Other Behavior in Coleopteran Adults -- 6.2.3 TI and Freeze Responses in Coleopteran Larvae -- 6.3 Vibration Sense Organs -- 6.3.1 Chordotonal Organs -- 6.3.2 Mechanosensilla and Chordotonal Organs -- 6.4 Freeze Responses and TI in Cerambycidae -- 6.5 TI in Nitidulidae -- 6.6 Freeze Responses in Scarabaeidae -- 6.6.1 Pupal Vibratory Signals and Larval Freeze Responses -- 6.6.2 Evolution of Freeze Responses -- References -- Chapter 7: Tonic Immobility in a Cricket: Behavioral Characteristics, Neural Substrate, and Functional Significance -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Time Course of TI -- 7.3 Strong TI and Weak TI -- 7.4 Responsiveness to Sensory Stimuli During TI -- 7.5 Emergence of Catalepsy -- 7.6 Survey of Sense Organs Involved in Induction of TI -- 7.7 Contribution of the Central Nervous System to TI -- 7.8 TI that Occurs in Natural Settings -- 7.9 Differences in TIs and Escape Reactions in Related Species -- 7.10 Summary -- References -- YouTube -- Chapter 8: Tonic Immobility in a Cricket: Neuronal Underpinnings of Global Motor Inhibition -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Neuroanatomy of Flexor and Extensor Tibiae Muscles -- 8.3 Isometric Muscular Contraction Characterizes the Induction of TI -- 8.4 Neuroanatomy of the Femoral Chordotonal Organ -- 8.5 Femoral Chordotonal Organ Measures Muscular Isometric Contraction -- 8.6 Inhibitory Functions of the FCO in Motor Control -- 8.6.1 Resistance Reflex and Its Inhibition -- 8.6.2 Suppression of Leg Movements -- 8.7 Motor Neuronal Activity Characterizing TI -- 8.8 Neuronal Underpinnings Underlying the Induction and Maintenance of TI -- 8.8.1 Sensory Aspect -- 8.8.2 Central Nervous System -- 8.8.3 Motor Aspect -- 8.9 Evolutional Perspective -- References -- YouTube -- Chapter 9: Catalepsy and Twig Mimesis in Insects and Its Neural Control -- 9.1 Introduction. 327 $a9.2 Thanatosis and Catalepsy in the Stick Insect -- 9.3 Neural Basis of Catalepsy in the Stick Insect -- 9.3.1 Anatomy of Sense Organs and Muscles Controlling the Femur-Tibia Joint -- 9.3.2 Catalepsy in the Femur-Tibia Control Loop and Its Neural Basis -- 9.4 General Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Descending Neuron for Freezing Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster -- 10.1 Tonic Immobility and Freezing -- 10.2 Defensive Behavior and Candidate Command for Freezing in Crayfish -- 10.3 Defensive Behavior to Looming Object in Flies -- 10.4 DNp09: Descending Neuron for Freezing -- 10.5 Optic Glomeruli -- 10.6 Axonal Projection of Freezing Descending Neuron -- 10.7 Neuromodulation of the Startle Responses -- 10.8 Similarity Between Freezing in Flies and Fears in Mammals -- 10.9 Future Work -- References -- Chapter 11: Immobility Behaviors in Fish: A Comparison with Other Vertebrates -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Orienting Immobility -- 11.2.1 General Orienting Response in Vertebrates -- 11.2.2 Orienting Response in Fish -- 11.3 Freezing Immobility -- 11.3.1 General Features of Freezing in Vertebrates -- 11.3.2 Freezing in Fish -- 11.4 Tonic Immobility -- 11.4.1 General Features of TI in Vertebrates -- 11.4.2 TI in Fish -- 11.4.2.1 Elasmobranchs -- 11.4.2.2 Teleosts -- 11.4.2.3 Death and Illness Feigning in Fish as a Hunting Tactic -- 11.5 Significance of Immobility Behaviors in Fish -- References -- Index. 410 0$aEntomology monographs. 606 $aInsects$xBehavior 606 $aInsects$xPhysiology 615 0$aInsects$xBehavior. 615 0$aInsects$xPhysiology. 676 $a595.7051 702 $aSakai$b Masaki 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910483398503321 996 $aDeath-feigning in insects$91905761 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03506nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910130553603321 005 20230403133002.0 010 $a1-119-20587-5 010 $a1-283-37173-1 010 $a9786613371737 010 $a0-470-67016-9 035 $a(CKB)3400000000021987 035 $a(EBL)706779 035 $a(OCoLC)755982651 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000538924 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11327083 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000538924 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10560181 035 $a(PQKB)11438123 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC706779 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL706779 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10510522 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL337173 035 $a(EXLCZ)993400000000021987 100 $a20101202d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMarketing plans$b[electronic resource] $ehow to prepare them, how to use them /$fMalcolm McDonald, Hugh Wilson 205 $a7th ed. 210 $aChichester, West Sussex, U.K. $cWiley$d2011 215 $a1 online resource (591 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-66997-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aMarketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them; Contents; Preface and acknowledgements; How to use this book to achieve the best results; Learning features; Tutor's guide; An important note to the reader from the authors; Chapter 1: Understanding the Marketing Process; Chapter 2: The Marketing Planning Process: 1 The Main Steps; Chapter 3: The Marketing Planning Process: 2 Removing the Myths; Chapter 4: Completing the Marketing Audit: 1 The Customer and Market Audit; Chapter 5: Completing the Marketing Audit: 2 The Product Audit; Chapter 6: Setting Marketing Objectives and Strategies 327 $aChapter 7: The Integrated Marketing Communications PlanChapter 8: The Sales Plan; Chapter 9: The Pricing Plan; Chapter 10: The Multichannel Plan: The Route to Market; Chapter 11: The Customer Relationship Management Plan; Chapter 12: Implementation Issues in Marketing Planning; Chapter 13: Measuring the Effectiveness of Marketing Planning; Chapter 14: A Step-by-Step Marketing Planning System; Index 330 $aNow in its 7th edition, Marketing Plans is a highly renowned international bestseller. The book has been thoroughly revised, and every chapter has been carefully updated with special attention to the latest developments in marketing. To accomplish this, Professor Malcolm McDonald has been joined in this edition by Professor Hugh Wilson, a leading expert on CRM and multichannel strategy as well as marketing planning. Major changes to this edition include new chapters based on the very latest research on: Planning for integrated marketing communications and 606 $aMàrqueting$xPlanificació$2lemac 606 $aMarketing$xManagement 606 $aMarketing$xPlanning 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2tgfc 615 7$aMàrqueting$xPlanificació. 615 0$aMarketing$xManagement. 615 0$aMarketing$xPlanning. 676 $a658.8/02 676 $a658.802 686 $aBUS058000$2bisacsh 700 $aMcDonald$b Malcolm$0117340 701 $aWilson$b Hugh$f1962-$0907059 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910130553603321 996 $aMarketing plans$92028946 997 $aUNINA