LEADER 00667nam0-22002531i-450- 001 990002783890403321 035 $a000278389 035 $aFED01000278389 035 $a(Aleph)000278389FED01 035 $a000278389 100 $a20000920d1947----km-y0itay50------ba 101 1$aENG 200 1 $aAccounting.$fby CROPPER L. CUTHBERT. MORRI S. FISON. 210 $aLondon$cMacDonald$d1947 700 1$aCropper,$bL.$0372713 702 1$aCuthberT. MorriS. fison. 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990002783890403321 952 $a1-13-23$bS.I.$fECA 959 $aECA 996 $aAccounting$9420774 997 $aUNINA DB $aING01 LEADER 06028nam 2200685 a 450 001 9910953968203321 005 20240515190822.0 010 $a9786613327703 010 $a9781283327701 010 $a1283327708 010 $a9789027275240 010 $a9027275246 024 7 $a10.1075/cll.26 035 $a(CKB)2550000000063710 035 $a(OCoLC)769188797 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10509525 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000555072 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11359222 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000555072 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10517645 035 $a(PQKB)10907847 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3016000 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3016000 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10509525 035 $a(OCoLC)873016454 035 $a(DE-B1597)720490 035 $a(DE-B1597)9789027275240 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000063710 100 $a20031119d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe making of a mixed language $ethe case of Ma'a/Mbugu /$fMaarten Mous 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia $cJohn Benjamins Pub. Co.$d2004 215 $a1 online resource (342 p.) 225 1 $aCreole language library ;$vv. 26 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9781588114891 311 08$a1588114899 311 08$a9789027252487 311 08$a9027252483 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [221]-229) and index. 327 $aThe Making of a Mixed Language -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- LIST OF TABLES -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- Acknowledgements -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 The people and their language -- 1.2 Earlier descriptions and history of Ma 'á studies -- 1.3 Source of data, fieldwork -- 1.4 Areas of settlement of the Ma 'á/Mbugu and clan affiliation -- 1.5 Multilingualism and language attitude -- 1.6 A sample of Mbugu language materia -- 1.7 Properties of the parallel lexicon -- 1.8 New insights in this work -- 1.9 Organisation of this book -- 2 HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND -- 2.1 Oral History -- 2.2 Historical information from the parallel lexicon -- 2.3 Usambara mountains: Shambaa, Seuta Bantu, Swahili -- 2.4 Maasai -- 2.5 Gorwaa and Mbugwe -- 2.6 Pare -- 2.7 The Taita connection -- 2.8 Old Kenyan Cushitic: Eastern Cushitic, Dahalo -- 2.9 Chronology through a study of lexical domains -- 2.10 Reconstructing the history: possible scenarios -- 3 LINGUISTIC HISTORY -- 3.1 The issues and the debate -- 3.2 Absence of drastic recent linguistic developments -- 3.3 History of the lateral fricatives in Ma'á (Inner Mbugu) -- 3.4 Truncation rule -- 3.5 Remnants of non-Bantu grammar -- 3.6 Ma' a non-Bantu causatives -- 3.7 Non-Bantu nominal endings -- 3.8 Locatives and other non-Bantu frozen grammatical elements -- 3.9 The origin off unction words -- 3.10 Shift or gradual bantuisation. -- 3.11 Code-switching as a model for Ma'á -- 3.12 Mixed languages as a challenge to historical linguistics -- 4 PHONOLOGY -- 4.1 Consonants -- 4.2 Spirantisation in velars -- 4.3 Prenasalised obstruents -- 4.4 Vowels -- 4.5 Tone -- 4.6 Syllable structure -- 4.7 Word structure and phonotactics -- 5 THE VERB -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.1.1 Vowel coalescence, i-initial stems, and morphotonology. 327 $a5.1.2 Subject and object prefixes -- 5.1.3 Other verbal prefixes, "tense" and polarity -- 5.1.4 Relative marker -- 5.1.5 The inflectional final vowel -- 5.1.6 The a/e alternation -- 5.1.7 Imperatives -- 5.1.8 Clitics -- 5.2 The "tenses -- 5.3 Combinations of "tense" prefixes -- 5.4 The negative "tenses -- 5.5 Copula and verbs "to be -- 5.6 Verbal derivation -- 6 THE NOUN -- 6.1 The noun class system -- 6.2 The morphophonology of the noun class prefixes -- 6.3 Noun class pairings -- 6.4 Derivation -- 6.5 Frozen suffixes -- 6.6 Question nouns -- 6.7 Names -- 7 ADJECTIVES AND OTHER NOMINAL MODIFIERS -- 7.1 Adjectives -- 7.2 Genetive and relative pronouns -- 7.3 Possessives -- 7.4 Demonstratives -- 7.5 Quantifiers -- 8 INVARIABLES OR OTHER WORDS -- 8.1 Dependent invariables: Prepositions -- 8.2 Independent invariables -- 8.3 Independent personal pronouns -- 8.4 Higher numbers and other invariable modifiers -- 9 NOTES ON SYNTAX, CODE-SWITCHING AND TEXTS -- 9.1 Syntax -- 9.2 Set sentences -- 9.3 Code-switching -- 9.4 A sample of code-switching -- 9.5 Texts -- NOTES -- Notes to Chapter 1 -- Notes to Chapter 2 -- Notes to Chapter 3 -- Notes to Chapter 4 -- Notes to Chapter 5 -- Notes to Chapter 6 -- Notes to Chapter 7 -- Notes to Chapter 9 -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX: MBUGU-ENGLISH ETYMOLOGICAL LEXICON -- ENGLISH INDEX TO THE LEXICON -- INDEX. 330 $aThe Mbugu (or Ma'á) language (Tanzania) is one of the few genuine mixed languages, reputedly combining Bantu grammar with Cushitic vocabulary. In fact the people speak two languages: one mixed and one closely related to the Bantu language Pare. This book is the first comprehensive description of these languages. It shows that these two languages share one grammar while their lexicon is parallel. In the distant past the people shifted from a Cushitic to a Bantu language and in the process rebuilt a language of their own that expresses their separate ethnic identity in a Bantu environment. This linguistic history is explained in the context of the intricate history of the people. The discussion of the processes that were involved in the formation of Ma'a/Mbugu is extremely relevant for both creole studies and for contact linguistics in general. 410 0$aCreole language library ;$vv. 26. 606 $aMbugu language$xGrammar 615 0$aMbugu language$xGrammar. 676 $a496/.5 700 $aMous$b Maarten$0659239 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910953968203321 996 $aThe making of a mixed language$94347660 997 $aUNINA