LEADER 00889nam0-22003371i-450- 001 990000453240403321 005 20100408101120.0 035 $a000045324 035 $aFED01000045324 035 $a(Aleph)000045324FED01 035 $a000045324 100 $a20020821d1972----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aeng 105 $aa-------001yy 200 1 $aFeedback systems$fJose B. Cruz 210 $aNew York [etc.]$cMcGraw-Hill$dc1972 215 $a324 p.$cill.$d23 cm 225 1 $aInter-University electronics series$v14 610 0 $aSistemi retroazionati 610 0 $aElettronica generale 676 $a537.5 676 $a629.83 700 1$aCruz,$bJosé B. 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990000453240403321 952 $a10 D III 165$b7721$fDINEL 952 $a31-168$b17524$fFI1 959 $aDINEL 959 $aFI1 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04383nam 2200457z- 450 001 9910557255103321 005 20211118 035 $a(CKB)5400000000041406 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73764 035 $a(oapen)doab73764 035 $a(EXLCZ)995400000000041406 100 $a20202111d2020 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aMolecular Catalysts for CO2 Fixation/Reduction 210 $cFrontiers Media SA$d2020 215 $a1 online resource (164 p.) 311 08$a2-88963-622-4 330 $aSociety is currently confronted with the continuing environmental problems of global warming and ocean acidification related to increasing CO2 emission from anthropogenic sources. These environmental issues are also connected to the inevitable energy supply shortage due to the eventual depletion of fossil fuel sources. As a solution, the technology of recycling CO2 into useful organic materials continues to attract attention. This methodology can be categorized into two main parts: CO2 fixation and CO2 reduction. For both reactions, molecular catalysts based on transition metal coordination complexes and organometallic compounds have been developed and examined. Molecular catalysts can be characterized and iteratively improved at the molecular level through spectroscopic experiments and the isolation of intermediate species, which is particularly advantageous in comparison to heterogeneous catalysts. The fixation of CO2 into organic compounds to form a carbon-carbon bond by using organometallic catalysts is a direct methodology for CO2 utilization and represents the potential reversible storage of electrochemical energy in chemical bonds. The resultant carboxylic acid-containing compounds formed as the initial products can be subsequently converted into other organic materials, even products with new chiral centers. The reduction of CO2 by two electrons (often with a proton donor as a co-substrate) yields carbon monoxide (CO) and formic acid (HCOOH), which can be further converted to useful chemicals. Reduction reactions involving more than two electrons and two protons can produce formaldehyde (HCHO), methanol (CH3OH), and methane (CH4), which are also desirable as chemicals and fuels. For molecular electrocatalysts, more negative potentials than the equilibrium ones for CO2 reduction are generally required; the difficulty is that the equilibrium potentials for CO2 reduction are generally negative of the equilibrium potential for proton reduction to produce H2, representing a competing thermodynamically favored process. A complementary approach to an electrochemical one is to mediate CO2 reduction with photo-induced electron transfer reactions. Photo- and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction can be used to achieve artificial photosynthesis, or the production of commodity chemicals and fuels with renewable energy inputs originating from solar sources. This Research Topic covers the molecular catalysts based on coordination and organometallic compounds for CO2 fixation/reduction. It includes chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical reactions. It also covers systematic studies of reaction mechanisms and the spectroscopic characterization of catalytic intermediates. Molecular catalysts for CO2 fixation/reduction used as co-catalysts with heterogeneous catalytic systems are also included. Non-precious and abundant transition metal catalysts for CO2 fixation/reduction are important for future industrial applications as core components of the next generation of energy technologies. 606 $aScience: general issues$2bicssc 610 $aartificial photosynthesis 610 $aCO2 fixation 610 $aCO2 reduction 610 $aelectrocatalysis 610 $aphotocatalysis 615 7$aScience: general issues 700 $aIshida$b Hitoshi$4edt$01325115 702 $aMachan$b Charles$4edt 702 $aRobert$b Marc$4edt 702 $aIwasawa$b Nobuharu$4edt 702 $aIshida$b Hitoshi$4oth 702 $aMachan$b Charles$4oth 702 $aRobert$b Marc$4oth 702 $aIwasawa$b Nobuharu$4oth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910557255103321 996 $aMolecular Catalysts for CO2 Fixation$93036595 997 $aUNINA