LEADER 00997cam0-22003011i-450- 001 990000214340403321 005 20100720112520.0 035 $a000021434 035 $aFED01000021434 035 $a(Aleph)000021434FED01 035 $a000021434 100 $a20020821d1859----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $afre 102 $aNL 105 $af-------001yy 200 1 $aTraité de la législation des mines, des minières, des usines et des carrières en Belgique et en France$eou Commentaire théorique et pratique de la loi du 21 avril 1810 et des lois et réglements qui s'y rattachent$fAug. Bury 210 $aLiège$cF. Renard$d1859 215 $a2 v.$d24 cm 610 0 $aMiniere$aLegislazione 676 $a343.077 700 1$aBury,$bAuguste Eustache Lambert Josef$f<1825-1877> 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990000214340403321 952 $a13 AR 15 D 34$b3542$fFINBC 952 $a13 AR 15 D 33$b3541$fFINBC 959 $aFINBC 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03669nam 2200625Ia 450 001 9910452735503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-4755-8800-3 010 $a1-4755-2392-0 035 $a(CKB)2550000001041552 035 $a(EBL)1607092 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000953147 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11504683 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000953147 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10907000 035 $a(PQKB)11423924 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607092 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1607092 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10661243 035 $a(OCoLC)821064563 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001041552 100 $a20121213d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aFiscal multipliers and the state of the economy$b[electronic resource] /$fprepared by Anja Baum, Marcos Poplawski-Ribeiro, and Anke Weber 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cInternational Monetary Fund$dc2012 215 $a1 online resource (32 p.) 225 0 $aIMF working paper ;$vWP/12/286 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-58906-389-9 311 $a1-4755-6582-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Background and Literature Review; A. What are Fiscal Multipliers and How Large are They?; B. Do Multipliers Differ in Downturns and Expansions?; Figures; 1. Country Characteristics and Multipliers; III. Data and Methodology; A. Data Sources and Description; Tables; 1. Cumulative Fiscal Multiplier Estimates from Selected Non-Linear Approaches; B. Threshold VAR Methodology; C. Impulse Response Functions; IV. Results; A. Country-by-Country Results; 2. G7 Selected Countries: Descriptive Statistics, 1965Q2-2011Q2 327 $a3. G7 Selected Countries: Threshold Estimation, 1965Q2-2011Q22. Cumulative Fiscal Multipliers: Fiscal Expansion; 3. Cumulative Fiscal Multipliers: Fiscal Contraction; B. Average of G7 Economies; C. Discussion and Caveats; 4. Fiscal Multipliers in G7 Economies; D. Policy Implications: Up-front versus Gradual Implementation; 5. G7 Economies: Cumulative Impact on Output from a Negative Discretionary Fiscal Spending Shock; V. Conclusions; A. Data Sources and Description; Appendix; B. Cumulative Generalized Impulse Response Functions and Confidential Intervals 327 $aC. Using Output Growth as the Threshold VariableReferences 330 $aOnly a few empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between fiscal multipliers and the underlying state of the economy. This paper investigates this link on a country-by-country basis for the G7 economies (excluding Italy). Our results show that fiscal multipliers differ across countries, calling for a tailored use of fiscal policy. Moreover, the position in the business cycle affects the impact of fiscal policy on output: on average, government spending, and revenue multipliers tend to be larger in downturns than in expansions. This asymmetry has implications for the choice between an 410 0$aIMF Working Papers 606 $aMultiplier (Economics) 606 $aFiscal policy$zDeveloped countries 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aMultiplier (Economics) 615 0$aFiscal policy 700 $aBaum$b Anja$f1985-$0859446 701 $aRibeiro$b Marcos Poplawski$f1977-$0859447 701 $aWeber$b Anke$f1981-$0859448 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910452735503321 996 $aFiscal multipliers and the state of the economy$91917999 997 $aUNINA