LEADER 05890nam 2200505 450 001 9910502648603321 005 20220928150435.0 010 $a3-030-79994-8 035 $a(CKB)4100000012037923 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6737938 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6737938 035 $a(OCoLC)1273075762 035 $a(PPN)258057572 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000012037923 100 $a20220627d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aHemodynamics in the Echocardiography Laboratory /$fGila Perk 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2021] 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (147 pages) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a3-030-79993-X 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- 1: General Principles -- 1.1 Doppler Principle -- 1.2 Bernoulli Principle -- 1.2.1 Bernoulli Equation (Fig. 1.2) -- 1.3 Wiggers Diagram -- 1.4 Summary and Final Points -- 2: Math in the Echo Lab -- 2.1 Volume Calculations -- 2.1.1 VTI-Based Technique -- 2.1.2 Border Tracing-Based Technique -- 2.2 Resistance Calculations -- 2.3 Continuity Principle -- 2.4 PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area) Calculation -- 2.5 Volumetirc Calculations -- 2.6 Summary and Final Points -- 3: Pulmonary Pressure: Beginner -- 3.1 Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure -- 3.2 Analyzing TR Spectral Doppler Envelope -- 3.3 Measuring Peak TR Velocity -- 3.4 Assessing Right Atrial Pressure -- 3.5 Interpreting the Data -- 3.6 Summary and Final Points -- 4: Pulmonary Pressure: Advanced -- 4.1 Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure -- 4.2 Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure -- 4.2.1 Calculating Mean PAP Based on Sys/Dias PAP -- 4.2.2 PI Early Diastolic Velocity -- 4.2.3 TR VTI -- 4.2.4 PA Acceleration Time -- 4.3 Pulmonary Vascular Resistance -- 4.3.1 Comparing TR ?P and RVOT Flow -- 4.3.2 Calculating Pressure Drop and Flow across Pulmonary Circulation -- 4.4 Summary and Final Points -- 5: How Severe Is This MR -- 5.1 General Principles -- 5.2 Anatomic/Color Assessment for EROA -- 5.2.1 3D-Based Direct Measurement of EROA -- 5.2.2 Vena Contracta Measurement -- 5.3 PISA Method -- 5.3.1 Pointers and Potential Pitfalls for the PISA Method -- 5.4 Color Doppler Assessment -- 5.5 Volumetric Calculations -- 5.6 Summary and Final Points -- 6: What Is Wrong with This MR: Part I -- 6.1 Case Presentation -- 6.2 Approach to an Unusual MR Tracing -- 6.3 Summary and Final Points -- 7: What's Wrong with This MR: Part II -- 7.1 Case Presentation -- 7.2 Approach to an Unusual MR Tracing -- 7.2.1 Low Peak Velocity. 327 $a7.2.2 Abnormal MR Envelope Shape -- 7.3 Summary and Final Points -- 8: Why Is This Happening Now -- 8.1 First-Degree Heart Block -- 8.1.1 Approach to Abnormal MR Timing -- 8.2 High Degree Heart Block -- 8.2.1 Approach to Abnormal MR Timing -- 8.3 The Missing Atrial Contraction -- 8.3.1 Approach to Abnormal MR Timing -- 8.4 Summary and Final Points -- 9: Extreme Pulsus Alternans -- 9.1 Case Presentation -- 9.2 Summary and Final Points -- 10: Is This AI an Emergency -- 10.1 AI Quantification -- 10.2 AI Hemodynamics -- 10.3 Summary and Final Points -- 11: There's a Hole in the Heart: Part I -- 11.1 Approach to ASD Evaluation -- 11.2 Case Presentation -- 11.2.1 Anatomic Type of ASD -- 11.2.2 Shunt Direction -- 11.2.3 Magnitude of the Interatrial Shunt -- 11.2.4 Effect of the Shunt on Chamber Size and Function -- 11.2.5 Presence of Pulmonary Hypertension -- 11.2.6 Estimation of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance -- 11.3 Case Presentation -- 11.3.1 Shunt Direction -- 11.3.2 Magnitude of the Interatrial Shunt -- 11.3.3 Effect of the Shunt on Chamber Size and Function -- 11.3.4 Presence of Pulmonary Hypertension -- 11.3.5 Estimation of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance -- 11.4 Summary and Final Points -- 12: There's a Hole in the Heart: Part II -- 12.1 Approach to VSD Evaluation -- 12.2 Case Presentation -- 12.2.1 Anatomic Type of VSD -- 12.2.2 Quantifying the Degree of Shunt -- 12.2.3 VSD Flow and Intracardiac Pressures -- 12.2.4 Summary of Post MI VSD Case -- 12.3 Case Presentation -- 12.3.1 Anatomic Type of VSD -- 12.3.2 Quantifying the Degree of Shunt -- 12.3.3 VSD Flow and Intracardiac Pressures -- 12.3.4 Summary of VSD with Cardiomyopathy Case -- 12.4 Case Presentation -- 12.4.1 Anatomic Type of VSD -- 12.4.2 Quantifying the Degree of Shunt -- 12.4.3 VSD Flow and Intracardiac Pressures. 327 $a12.4.4 Summary of VSD with RVOT Obstruction Case -- 12.5 Summary and Final Points -- 13: The Machinery Confusion -- 13.1 Case Presentation -- 13.1.1 Approach to PDA Evaluation -- 13.2 Summary and Final Points -- 14: All Those AS Gradients -- 14.1 Technical Considerations -- 14.2 Maximal Instantaneous Gradient -- 14.3 Mean Gradient -- 14.4 Peak-to-Peak Gradient -- 14.5 Summary and Final Points -- 15: Dynamic LVOT -- 15.1 Anatomic Imaging -- 15.2 Doppler Imaging -- 15.2.1 Color Doppler Imaging -- 15.2.2 Spectral Doppler Imaging -- 15.3 Summary and Final Points -- 16: The Futile Heart -- 16.1 Case Presentation -- 16.1.1 Unusual Flow into RA -- 16.1.2 Quantifying the Shunt -- 16.2 Summary and Final Points -- Index. 606 $aEchocardiography 606 $aEcocardiografia$2thub 606 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