LEADER 05380nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910457299503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-96441-3 010 $a9786610964413 010 $a0-08-047050-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000349923 035 $a(EBL)286754 035 $a(OCoLC)437176623 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000155266 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11151521 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000155266 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10112529 035 $a(PQKB)11325758 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC286754 035 $a(CaSebORM)9780750678285 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL286754 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10167014 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000349923 100 $a20041227d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe finite element method in engineering$b[electronic resource] /$fSingiresu S. Rao 205 $a4th ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aBoston, MA $cElsevier/Butterworth Heinemann$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (685 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-7506-7828-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; The Finite Element Method in Engineering; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Principal Notation; PART 1: INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1. Overview of Finite Element Method; 1.1 Basic Concept; 1.2 Historical Background; 1.3 General Applicability of the Method; 1.4 Engineering Applications of the Finite Element Method; 1.5 General Description of the Finite Element Method; 1.6 Comparison of Finite Element Method with Other Methods of Analysis; 1.7 Finite Element Program Packages; References; Problems; PART 2: BASIC PROCEDURE; Chapter 2. Discretization of the Domain; 2.1 Introduction 327 $a2.2 Basic Element Shapes2.3 Discretization Process; 2.4 Node Numbering Scheme; 2.5 Automatic Mesh Generation; References; Problems; Chapter 3. Interpolation Models; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Polynomial Form of Interpolation Functions; 3.3 Simplex, Complex, and Multiplex Elements; 3.4 Interpolation Polynomial in Terms of Nodal Degrees of Freedom; 3.5 Selection of the Order of the Interpolation Polynomial; 3.6 Convergence Requirements; 3.7 Linear Interpolation Polynomials in Terms of Global Coordinates; 3.8 Interpolation Polynomials for Vector Quantities 327 $a3.9 Linear Interpolation Polynomials in Terms of Local CoordinatesReferences; Problems; Chapter 4. Higher Order and Isoparametric Elements; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Higher Order One-Dimensional Elements; 4.3 Higher Order Elements in Terms of Natural Coordinates; 4.4 Higher Order Elements in Terms of Classical Interpolation Polynomials; 4.5 One-Dimensional Elements Using Classical Interpolation Polynomials; 4.6 Two-Dimensional (Rectangular) Elements Using Classical Interpolation Polynomials; 4.7 Continuity Conditions; 4.8 Comparative Study of Elements; 4.9 Isoparametric Elements 327 $a4.10 Numerical IntegrationReferences; Problems; Chapter 5. Derivation of Element Matrices and Vectors; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Direct Approach; 5.3 Variational Approach; 5.4 Solution of Equilibrium Problems Using Variational (Rayleigh-Ritz) Method; 5.5 Solution of Eigenvalue Problems Using Variational (Rayleigh-Ritz) Method; 5.6 Solution of Propagation Problems Using Variational (Rayleigh-Ritz) Method; 5.7 Equivalence of Finite Element and Variational (Rayleigh-Ritz) Methods; 5.8 Derivation of Finite Element Equations Using Variational (Rayleigh-Ritz) Approach; 5.9 Weighted Residual Approach 327 $a5.10 Solution of Eigenvalue Problems Using Weighted Residual Method5.11 Solution of Propagation Problems Using Weighted Residual Method; 5.12 Derivation of Finite Element Equations Using Weighted Residual (Galerkin) Approach; 5.13 Derivation of Finite Element Equations Using Weighted Residual (Least Squares) Approach; References; Problems; Chapter 6. Assembly of Element Matrices and Vectors and Derivation of System Equations; 6.1 Coordinate Transformation; 6.2 Assemblage of Element Equations; 6.3 Computer Implementation of the Assembly Procedure; 6.4 Incorporation of Boundary Conditions 327 $a6.5 Incorporation of Boundary Conditions in the Computer Program 330 $aFinite Element Analysis is an analytical engineering tool developed in the 1960's by the Aerospace and nuclear power industries to find usable, approximate solutions to problems with many complex variables. It is an extension of derivative and integral calculus, and uses very large matrix arrays and mesh diagrams to calculate stress points, movement of loads and forces, and other basic physical behaviors. Students will find in this textbook a thorough grounding of the mathematical principles underlying the popular, analytical methods for setting up a finite element solution based on those math 606 $aFinite element method 606 $aEngineering mathematics 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aFinite element method. 615 0$aEngineering mathematics. 676 $a620.001/51825 700 $aRao$b S. S$0556950 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910457299503321 996 $aFinite element method in engineering$9987247 997 $aUNINA LEADER 11428nam 2200661 450 001 9910555149603321 005 20211203182107.0 010 $a1-5231-4359-2 010 $a1-119-66611-2 010 $a1-119-66609-0 010 $a1-119-66612-0 035 $a(CKB)4100000011248708 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6531447 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6531447 035 $a(OCoLC)1244630282 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011248708 100 $a20211016h20212021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aMicrowave and wireless synthesizers $etheory and design /$fUlrich L. Rohde, Enrico Rubiola, Jerry C. Whitaker 205 $aSecond edition. 210 1$aHoboken, NJ :$cWiley,$d2021. 210 4$d©2021 215 $a1 online resource (xxii, 794 pages) $cillustrations 311 1 $a1-119-66600-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author Biography -- Preface -- Important Notations -- Chapter 1 Loop Fundamentals -- 1-1 Introduction to Linear Loops -- 1-2 Characteristics of a Loop -- 1-3 Digital Loops -- 1-4 Type 1 First?Order Loop -- 1-5 Type 1 Second?Order Loop -- 1-6 Type 2 Second?Order Loop -- 1-6-1 Transient Behavior of Digital Loops Using Tri?state Phase Detectors -- 1-7 Type 2 Third?Order Loop -- 1-7-1 Transfer Function of Type 2 Third?Order Loop -- 1-7-2 FM Noise Suppression -- 1-8 Higher?Order Loops -- 1-8-1 Fifth?Order Loop Transient Response -- 1-9 Digital Loops with Mixers -- 1-10 Acquisition -- 1-10-0 Example 1 -- 1-10-1 Pull?in Performance of the Digital Loop -- 1-10-2 Coarse Steering of the VCO as an Acquisition Aid -- 1-10-3 Loop Stability -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 2 ALMOST ALL ABOUT PHASE NOISE -- 2-1 INTRODUCTION TO PHASE NOISE -- 2-1-1 The Clock Signal -- 2-1-2 The Power Spectral Density (PSD) -- 2-1-3 Basics of Noise -- 2-1-4 Phase and Frequency Noise -- 2-2 THE ALLAN VARIANCE AND OTHER TWO?SAMPLE VARIANCES -- 2-2-1 Frequency Counters -- 2-2-2 The Two?Sample Variances AVAR, MVAR, and PVAR -- 2-2-3 Conversion from Spectra to Two?Sample Variances -- 2-3 PHASE NOISE IN COMPONENTS -- 2-3-1 Amplifiers -- 2-3-2 Frequency Dividers -- 2-3-3 Frequency Multipliers -- 2-3-4 Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) -- 2-3-5 Phase Detectors -- 2-3-6 Noise Contribution from Power Supplies -- 2-4 PHASE NOISE IN OSCILLATORS -- 2-4-1 Modern View of the Leeson Model -- 2-4-2 Circumventing the Resonator's Thermal Noise -- 2-4-3 Oscillator Hacking -- 2-5 THE MEASUREMENT OF PHASE NOISE -- 2-5-1 Double?Balanced Mixer Instruments -- 2-5-2 The Cross?Spectrum Method -- 2-5-3 Digital Instruments -- 2-5-4 Pitfalls and Limitations of the Cross?Spectrum Measurements -- 2-5-5 The Bridge (Interferometric) Method. 327 $a2-5-6 Artifacts and Oddities Often Found in the Real World -- 2-5 References -- 2-5 SUGGESTED READINGS -- 2-5-6 Power spectra and Fourier transform -- 2-5-6 Electromagnetic Compatibility -- 2-5-6 General Aspects of Noise -- 2-5-6 Phase Noise, Frequency Stability, and Measurements -- 2-5-6 Amplifiers -- 2-5-6 Frequency Dividers -- 2-5-6 Frequency Multipliers -- 2-5-6 DDS -- 2-5-6 Phase?Frequency Detectors -- 2-5-6 Oscillators -- 2-5-6 Resonators -- 2-5-6 Double?Balanced Mixer -- Chapter 3 Special Loops -- 3-1 Introduction -- 3-2 Direct Digital Synthesis Techniques -- 3-2-1 A First Look at Fractional N -- 3-2-2 Digital Waveform Synthesizers -- 3-2-3 Signal Quality -- 3-2-4 Future Prospects -- 3-3 Loops with Delay Line as Phase Comparators -- 3-4 Fractional Division N Synthesizers -- 3-4-1 Example Implementation -- 3-4-2 Some Special Past Patents for Fractional Division N Synthesizers -- References -- Bibliography -- FRACTIONAL DIVISION N READINGS -- Chapter 4 LOOP COMPONENTS -- 4-1 INTRODUCTION TO OSCILLATORS AND THEIR MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT -- 4-2 THE COLPITTS OSCILLATOR -- 4-2-1 Linear Approach -- 4-2-2 Design Example for a 350?MHz Fixed?Frequency Colpitts Oscillator -- 4-2-3 Validation Circuits -- 4-2-4 Series Feedback Oscillator [5, Appendix A, pp. 384-388] -- 4-2-5 2400 MHz MOSFET?Based Push-Pull Oscillator -- 4-2-6 Oscillators for IC Applications -- 4-2-7 Noise in Semiconductors and Circuits -- 4-2-8 Summary -- 4-3 USE OF TUNING DIODES -- 4-3-1 Diode Tuned Resonant Circuits -- 4-3-2 Practical Circuits -- 4-4 USE OF DIODE SWITCHES -- 4-4-1 Diode Switches for Electronic Band Selection -- 4-4-2 Use of Diodes for Frequency Multiplication -- 4-5 REFERENCE FREQUENCY STANDARDS -- 4-5-1 Specifying Oscillators -- 4-5-2 Typical Examples of Crystal Oscillator Specifications -- 4-6 MIXER APPLICATIONS -- 4-7 PHASE/FREQUENCY COMPARATORS -- 4-7-1 Diode Rings. 327 $a4-7-2 Exclusive ORs -- 4-7-3 Sample/Hold Detectors -- 4-7-4 Edge?Triggered JK Master/Slave Flip?Flops -- 4-7-5 Digital Tri?State Comparators -- 4-8 WIDEBAND HIGH?GAIN AMPLIFIERS -- 4-8-1 Summation Amplifiers -- 4-8-2 Differential Limiters -- 4-8-3 Isolation Amplifiers -- 4-8-4 Example Implementations -- 4-9 PROGRAMMABLE DIVIDERS -- 4-9-1 Asynchronous Counters -- 4-9-2 Programmable Synchronous Up?/Down?Counters -- 4-9-3 Advanced Implementation Example -- 4-9-4 Swallow Counters/Dual?Modulus Counters -- 4-9-5 Look?Ahead and Delay Compensation -- 4-10 LOOP FILTERS -- 4-10-1 Passive RC Filters -- 4-10-2 Active RC Filters -- 4-10-3 Active Second?Order Low?Pass Filters -- 4-10-4 Passive LC Filters -- 4-10-5 Spur?Suppression Techniques -- 4-11 MICROWAVE OSCILLATOR DESIGN -- 4-11-1 The Compressed Smith Chart -- 4-11-2 Series or Parallel Resonance -- 4-11-3 Two?Port Oscillator Design -- 4-12 MICROWAVE RESONATORS -- 4-12-1 SAW Oscillators -- 4-12-2 Dielectric Resonators -- 4-12-3 YIG Oscillators -- 4-12-4 Varactor Resonators -- 4-12-5 Ceramic Resonators -- 4-12 REFERENCES -- 4-12 SUGGESTED READINGS -- 4-12-5 Section 4?3 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4?5 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4?6 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4?7 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4?8 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4.9 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4.10 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4.11 Documents -- 4-12-5 Section 4.12 Documents -- Chapter 5 Digital PLL Synthesizers -- 5-1 Multiloop Synthesizers Using Different Techniques -- 5-1-1 Direct Frequency Synthesis -- 5-1-2 Multiple Loops -- 5-2 System Analysis -- 5-3 Low?Noise Microwave Synthesizers -- 5-3-1 Building Blocks -- 5-3-2 Output Loop Response -- 5-3-3 Low Phase Noise References: Frequency Standards -- 5-3-4 Critical Stage -- 5-3-5 Time Domain Analysis -- 5-3-6 Summary -- 5-3-7 Two Commercial Synthesizer Examples. 327 $a5-4 Microprocessor Applications in Synthesizers -- 5-5 Transceiver Applications -- 5-6 About Bits, Symbols, and Waveforms -- 5-6-1 Representation of a Modulated RF Carrier -- 5-6-2 Generation of the Modulated Carrier -- 5-6-3 Putting It all Together -- 5-6-4 Combination of Techniques -- 5-6 Acknowledgments -- 5-6 References -- 5-6 Bibliography and Suggested Reading -- Chapter 6 A High?Performance Hybrid Synthesizer -- 6-1 Introduction -- 6-2 Basic Synthesizer Approach -- 6-3 Loop Filter Design -- 6-4 Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter A Mathematical Review -- A-1 FUNCTIONS OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE -- A-2 COMPLEX PLANES -- A-2-1 Functions in the Complex Frequency Plane -- A-3 BODE DIAGRAM -- A-4 LAPLACE TRANSFORM -- A-4-1 The Step Function -- A-4-2 The Ramp -- A-4-3 Linearity Theorem -- A-4-4 Differentiation and Integration -- A-4-5 Initial Value Theorem -- A-4-6 Final Value Theorem -- A-4-7 The Active Integrator -- A-4-8 Locking Behavior of the PLL -- A-5 LOW?NOISE OSCILLATOR DESIGN -- A-5-1 Example Implementation -- A-6 OSCILLATOR AMPLITUDE STABILIZATION -- A-7 VERY LOW PHASE NOISE VCO FOR 800 MHZ -- REFERENCES -- Chapter B A General?Purpose Nonlinear Approach to the Computation of Sideband Phase Noise in Free?Running Microwave and RF Oscillators -- B-1 Introduction -- B-2 Noise Generation in Oscillators -- B-3 Bias?Dependent Noise Model -- B-3-1 Bias?Dependent Model -- B-3-2 Derivation of the Model -- B-4 General Concept of Noisy Circuits -- B-4-1 Noise from Linear Elements -- B-5 Noise Figure of Mixer Circuits -- B-6 Oscillator Noise Analysis -- B-7 Limitations of the Frequency?Conversion Approach -- B-7-1 Assumptions -- B-7-2 Conversion and Modulation Noise -- B-7-3 Properties of Modulation Noise -- B-7-4 Noise Analysis of Autonomous Circuits -- B-7-5 Conversion Noise Analysis Results -- B-7-6 Modulation Noise Analysis Results. 327 $aB-8 Summary of the Phase Noise Spectrum of the Oscillator -- B-9 Verification Examples for the Calculation of Phase Noise in Oscillators Using Nonlinear Techniques -- B-9-1 Example 1: High?Q Case Microstrip DRO -- B-9-2 Example 2: 10 MHz Crystal Oscillator -- B-9-3 Example 3: The 1?GHz Ceramic Resonator VCO -- B-9-4 Example 4: Low Phase Noise FET Oscillator -- B-9-5 Example 5: Millimeter?Wave Applications -- B-9-6 Example 6: Discriminator Stabilized DRO -- B-10 Summary -- B-10 References -- Chapter C EXAMPLE OF WIRELESS SYNTHESIZERS USING COMMERCIAL ICs -- Chapter D MMIC?BASED SYNTHESIZERS -- D-1 INTRODUCTION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter E ARTICLES ON DESIGN OF DIELECTRIC RESONATOR OSCILLATORS -- E-1 THE DESIGN OF AN ULTRA?LOW PHASE NOISE DRO -- E-1-1 Basic Considerations and Component Selection -- E-1-2 Component Selection -- E-1-3 DRO Topologies -- E-1-4 Small Signal Design Approach for the Parallel Feedback Type DRO -- E-1-5 Simulated Versus Measured Results -- E-1-6 Physical Embodiment -- E-1-7 Acknowledgments -- E-1-8 Final Remarks -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- E-2 A NOVEL OSCILLATOR DESIGN WITH METAMATERIAL?MO?BIUS COUPLING TO A DIELECTRIC RESONATOR -- E-2-1 Abstract -- E-2-2 Introduction -- REFERENCES -- Chapter F OPTO?ELECTRONICALLY STABILIZED RF OSCILLATORS -- F-1 INTRODUCTION -- F-1-1 Oscillator Basics -- F-1-2 Resonator Technologies -- F-1-3 Motivation for OEO -- F-1-4 Operation Principle of the OEO -- F-2 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION AND THERMAL STABILITY OF OEO -- F-2-1 Experimental Setup -- F-2-2 Phase Noise Measurements -- F-2-3 Thermal Sensitivity Analysis of Standard Fibers -- F-2-4 Temperature Sensitivity Measurements -- F-2-5 Temperature Sensitivity Improvement with HC?PCF -- F-2-6 Improve Thermal Stability Versus Phase Noise Degradation -- F-2-7 Passive Temperature Compensation -- F-2-8 Improving Effective Q with Raman Amplification. 327 $aF-3 FORCED OSCILLATION TECHNIQUES OF OEO. 606 $aFrequency synthesizers$xDesign and construction 606 $aPhase-locked loops 606 $aDigital electronics 606 $aMicrowave circuits$xDesign and construction 606 $aRadio frequency 608 $aElectronic books. 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aFrequency synthesizers$xDesign and construction. 615 0$aPhase-locked loops. 615 0$aDigital electronics. 615 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