01018nam a2200265 i 450099100315281970753620020509113050.0960614s1988 us ||| | ||| 0841908753b11116602-39ule_instPARLA176065ExLDip.to scienze storicheitaDann, Uriel539742The Great Powers in the Middle East 1919-1939 /Edited by Uriel DannNew York, London :Holmes & Meier,1988XIII, 434 p. 23 cm.Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African StudiesMedio OrientePolitica1914-1915Medio OrienteRelazioni estere.b1111660223-02-1728-06-02991003152819707536LE009 Stor. 79.1-11712009000062658le009-E0.00-l- 02120.i1125390328-06-02Great Powers in the Middle East 1919-1939858225UNISALENTOle00901-01-96ma -engus 4105927oam 22014774 450 991097231040332120250426110758.0978661386686897814623900141462390013978145270260514527026089781283554411128355441097814519203141451920318(CKB)3360000000444630(EBL)3012509(SSID)ssj0000940783(PQKBManifestationID)11495550(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940783(PQKBWorkID)10975342(PQKB)10393214(OCoLC)535146896(IMF)WPIEE2362004(MiAaPQ)EBC3012509(IMF)WPIEA2362004WPIEA2362004(EXLCZ)99336000000044463020020129d2004 uf 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrInstitutions and the External Capital Structure of Countries /Paolo Mauro, Andre Faria1st ed.Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2004.1 online resource (31 p.)IMF Working Papers"December 2004."9781451875713 1451875711 Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30).""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. EXISTING THEORIES AND HYPOTHESES""; ""III. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS""; ""IV. CONCLUSION""; ""Sources and Description of the Variables""; ""REFERENCES""A widespread view holds that countries that finance themselves through foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio equity, rather than bonds and loans, are less prone to crises. But what determines countries' external capital structures? In a cross section of emerging markets and developing countries, we find that equity-like liabilities (FDI and, especially, portfolio equity) as a share of countries' total external liabilities (or as a share of GDP) are positively and significantly associated with indicators of educational attainment, natural resource abundance, and especially, institutional quality. These relationships are robust to attempts to control for possible endogeneity, suggesting that better institutional quality may help improve countries' capital structures. The results might also provide an explanation for the observed correlation between institutional quality and the frequency of crises.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2004/236Investments, ForeignDeveloping countriesDebts, ExternalDeveloping countriesStocksDeveloping countriesFinancial crisesDeveloping countriesAgricultural and Natural Resource EconomicsimfBalance of paymentsimfBank creditimfCreditimfEducationimfEducation: GeneralimfEnvironmentimfEnvironmental and Ecological Economics: GeneralimfEnvironmental managementimfExports and ImportsimfFinanceimfFinancial Aspects of Economic IntegrationimfFinancial institutionsimfFinancial InstrumentsimfForeign direct investmentimfInstitutional InvestorsimfInternational InvestmentimfInternational Lending and Debt ProblemsimfInvestment & securitiesimfInvestments, ForeignimfInvestments: StocksimfLong-term Capital MovementsimfMonetary economicsimfMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: GeneralimfMoney and Monetary PolicyimfMoneyimfNatural ResourcesimfNatural resourcesimfNon-bank Financial InstitutionsimfPension FundsimfStocksimfRussian FederationimfInvestments, ForeignDebts, ExternalStocksFinancial crisesAgricultural and Natural Resource EconomicsBalance of paymentsBank creditCreditEducationEducation: GeneralEnvironmentEnvironmental and Ecological Economics: GeneralEnvironmental managementExports and ImportsFinanceFinancial Aspects of Economic IntegrationFinancial institutionsFinancial InstrumentsForeign direct investmentInstitutional InvestorsInternational InvestmentInternational Lending and Debt ProblemsInvestment & securitiesInvestments, ForeignInvestments: StocksLong-term Capital MovementsMonetary economicsMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: GeneralMoney and Monetary PolicyMoneyNatural ResourcesNatural resourcesNon-bank Financial InstitutionsPension FundsStocksMauro Paolo1630692Faria Andre857606International Monetary Fund.Research Dept.DcWaIMFBOOK9910972310403321Institutions and the External Capital Structure of Countries4372356UNINA