09240nam 2200445 450 99646673650331620230124200923.03-030-67036-8(CKB)4100000011982967(MiAaPQ)EBC6680407(Au-PeEL)EBL6680407(PPN)269146970(EXLCZ)99410000001198296720220331d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierKarl Popper's science and philosophy /Zuzana Parusnikova, David Merritt, editorsCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (363 pages)3-030-67035-X Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Karl Popper: His Philosophy and Science -- 1 Knowledge and Criticism -- 1.1 The Dangers of Dogmatism -- 1.2 Criticism Needs a Boost -- 2 From Demarcation to a New Concept of Reason -- 2.1 Basic Statements -- 2.2 Corroboration -- 3 The Popperian Challenge -- 3.1 Anti-Justificationist Extremism -- 3.2 Scientific Practice -- 3.3 New Concept of Reason -- References -- Physics and Cosmology -- Popper and the Quantum Controversy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popper and Quantum Mechanics -- 2.1 Popper's Early Concerns with Quantum Theory (1934) -- 2.2 The Turning Point: From Philosophy to Physics (Ca. 1967-1968) -- 2.3 The Mature View: Popper's Experiment (The 1980s) -- 3 Epilogue: Popper's Legacy in Quantum Physics -- 3.1 Kim and Shih, and the Real Popper Experiment -- 3.2 Popper's Ideas in Contemporary Physics: The Revival of Indeterminism -- References -- Popper's Experiment -- References -- Karl Popper and Modern Cosmology: His Thoughts and Their Impact -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popper on Cosmology -- 2.1 Einstein's Influence on Popper -- 2.2 Does the Universe Expand? -- 2.3 Finite-Age Cosmological Models -- 2.4 Against the Big Bang -- 3 Cosmologists on Popper -- 3.1 The Steady-State Controversy: Bondi and Popper -- 3.2 Falsifiability in Modern Cosmology -- 3.3 The Multiverse: Physics or Metaphysics? -- 3.4 According to Popper -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- MOND and Methodology -- 1 . -- 2 . -- 3 . -- 4 . -- 5 . -- 6 . -- 7 . -- 8 . -- References -- The Application of Popperian Methodology to Contemporary Cosmology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Metaphysical Research Programmes -- 2.1 Popper's Use of the Term "Metaphysical" -- 3 Metaphysical Ideas in Contemporary Cosmology -- 3.1 The Cosmological Principle as a Constituent of a MRP -- 3.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology (ΛCDM) as a Metaphysical Research Programme.4 Beyond Popper -- 4.1 A Brief Outline of MOND -- 4.2 The Correspondence Principle and MOND -- 4.3 Truthlikeness: ΛCDM Versus MOND -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Statistical Testing and Logic -- Popper's Falsification and Corroboration from the Statistical Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Probability-Based Reasoning for Inductive Inference -- 2.1 The Logical Probability of Pascal -- 2.2 Bayesian and Fisher's Logical Probabilities -- 2.3 Laplace's Solution to the Sunrise Problem -- 2.4 Jeffreys's Resolution -- 2.5 Confirmation for General Proposition -- 3 Confidence as an Alternative to Logical Probability -- 3.1 Confidence Resolution of Induction Problem -- 4 Extended Likelihood as Objective Logical Probability -- 4.1 Postulate of Ignorance -- 5 Confirmation Problems -- 5.1 Bayesian Reasoning in the Conjunction Fallacy -- 5.2 Likelihood Reasoning in the Conjunction Fallacy -- 6 Prosecutor's Fallacy -- 7 Traces of Likelihood-Based Learning in Infants -- 8 Discussion -- References -- Popper on Quantification and Identity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Genesis of Popper's Ideas on Logic -- 3 Inferential Definitions -- 4 Substitution, Identity and Quantification -- 4.1 Formulas, Name-Variables and Substitution -- 4.2 Non-dependence, Identity and Difference -- 4.3 Quantification -- 4.4 An Unfortunate Misunderstanding -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Logical Maximalism in the Empirical Sciences -- 1 Popper's Logical Maximalism -- 2 Is Logical Maximalism Compatible with a Revision of Logic? -- 3 The Abductivist Assessment to Logic -- 4 Final Remarks: Critical Rationalism Versus Abductivism -- References -- The Role of Logic in Science -- References -- Biology -- Rehabilitation of Karl Popper's Ideas on Evolutionary Biology and the Nature of Biological Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Karl Popper and Evolutionary Biology -- 2.1 Passive and Active Darwinism.2.2 Role of Indeterminacy -- 3 Can Biology Be Reduced to Chemistry? -- 4 How Organisms Can Be Agents in Development and Evolution -- 4.1 No Causal Closure -- 4.2 The Relation of Causes Between and Within Levels of Organisation -- 4.3 The Existence of Stochasticity and Its Harnessing -- 5 Organisms as Open Systems -- 6 Conclusions: Are Active and Passive Darwinisms Entirely Separate? -- References -- Agency in Evolutionary Biology -- 1 Why Does Evolutionary Biology Give a Privileged Role for DNA? -- 1.1 What Is Evolutionary Biology All About? -- 1.2 What Is Evolutionary Biology's Concept of Agency? -- 1.3 Why Does Evolutionary Biology Give a Privileged Role for DNA? -- 2 Why Is Popper's 'Active Darwinism' Problematic? -- 2.1 What Is Popper's Reading of Evolutionary Biology? -- 2.2 What Is Popper's Concept of Agency? -- 2.3 Why Is Popper's 'Active Darwinism' Problematic? -- 3 What Was Popper's Criticism Really About? -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Popper, Darwin, and Biology -- 1 Karl Popper as a Philosopher of Biology -- 2 Popper's New Interpretation of Darwinism -- 2.1 Popper's Biological Starting Points -- 2.2 All Living Beings Control Their Own Evolution -- 2.3 Darwinism Tries to Explain Life Away -- 2.4 Natural Selection Is Not Creative -- 2.5 Creative Niche-Search Instead of Deadly Competition -- 3 Adaptation Is Active Knowledge Acquisition -- 3.1 Not Life, Its Adaptation Is Extremely Unlikely -- 3.2 There Is no Biology Without Anthropomorphisms -- 3.3 Non-reducibility of Biochemistry to Physics and Chemistry -- 3.4 'Based On' Is an Entirely Different Story Than 'Explained By' -- 3.5 The Objective Knowledge of Cells, Plants and Animals -- 3.6 Subjective and Objective Knowledge -- 3.7 Popper's Evolutionary Epistemology -- 3.8 Adaptation Is Not the Ultimate Explanatory Principle of Biology -- 4 A View Into the Innermost Part of Life.4.1 The Distinction Between Information and Knowledge -- 4.2 All Life Begins with Activity and Knowledge Acquisition -- 4.3 We Inherit Not Only the DNA, but Above All the Cell -- 4.4 Looking at Genes the Wrong Way -- 5 Evolution as an Adventure of the Mind -- 6 Conclusions and Consequences -- 6.1 From Biological to Cosmological Evolution -- 6.2 From Amoeba to Einstein -- 6.3 Human Knowledge Verses Biological Knowledge -- 6.4 Verification: Learning from Confirmations, not from Mistakes -- 6.5 Verification Is not a Disguised Falsification -- 6.6 Concluding Remark -- References -- The Arkansas Creationism Trial Forty Years On -- 1 Prologue -- References -- Cognitive Science -- Popper on the Mind-Brain Relation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 The Philosophical Landscape -- 4 The Evolution Argument -- 5 Popper's Argument Against Panpsychism -- 6 Problems with the Interactionist Position -- 7 Popper's New Theory of Mind -- 8 The Autonomy of Forces -- 9 An Interpretation of Popper's Theory -- 10 Beck's Interpretation of Popper's Theory -- 11 Mind Affecting Probability Fields: The Microsite Hypothesis -- 12 Mind Affecting Probability Fields: The Ion Channel Hypothesis -- 13 Concluding Remark -- References -- Karl Popper on the Evolution of Consciousness -- 1 Introduction -- 2 In What Sense Is Consciousness Distinct from the Brain? -- 3 Does Consciousness-Brain Interaction Necessarily Violate Physical Laws? -- 4 The Archaeological Implications of Popper's (Non-dualist) Interactionist Hypothesis -- References -- Popper's Emergentism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popper's Epistemology and His Three Worlds -- 3 Creative Evolution and the Emergence of New Forms -- 3.1 Novelty and Unpredictability -- 3.2 Downward Causation -- 4 Weak and Strong Emergentism and the Causal Closure of the Physical Domain -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Place of the Mind in Nature.Bibliographical Note -- Objective Information, Intersubjectivity, and Popper's Three Worlds -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Which Information? Two Relevant Senses of 'Information' -- 3 Does Receiver-Dependent Information Undermine Scientific Objectivity? -- 4 Popperian Intersubjectivity and World 3 Objectivity -- 5 Applying Popperian Objectivity to Receiver-Based Information -- References -- Index.SciencePhilosophySciencePhilosophy.501Parusniková ZuzanaMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK996466736503316Karl Popper's science and philosophy2819218UNISA