04329nam 22005895 450 99641826490331620200721005945.0981-15-5204-510.1007/978-981-15-5204-5(CKB)4100000011354726(DE-He213)978-981-15-5204-5(MiAaPQ)EBC6314867(PPN)259900761(EXLCZ)99410000001135472620200720d2020 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierDetermining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies[electronic resource] A Manual for Researchers /by J. P. Verma, Priyam Verma1st ed. 2020.Singapore :Springer Singapore :Imprint: Springer,2020.1 online resource (XIII, 127 p. 61 illus., 43 illus. in color.) 981-15-5203-7 Includes bibliographical references.Chapter 1: Introduction To Sample Size Determination -- Chapter 2: Understanding Statistical Inference -- Chapter 3: Understanding Concepts In Estimating Sample Size In Survey Studies -- Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Understanding Concepts In Estimating Sample Size In Hypothesis Testing Experiments Chapter 5: Use Of G*Power Software -- Chapter 6: Determining Sample Size In Experimental Studies -- Chapter 7: Determining Sample Size In General Linear Models.This book addresses sample size and power in the context of research, offering valuable insights for graduate and doctoral students as well as researchers in any discipline where data is generated to investigate research questions. It explains how to enhance the authenticity of research by estimating the sample size and reporting the power of the tests used. Further, it discusses the issue of sample size determination in survey studies as well as in hypothesis testing experiments so that readers can grasp the concept of statistical errors, minimum detectable difference, effect size, one-tail and two-tail tests and the power of the test. The book also highlights the importance of fixing these boundary conditions in enhancing the authenticity of research findings and improving the chances of research papers being accepted by respected journals. Further, it explores the significance of sample size by showing the power achieved in selected doctoral studies. Procedure has been discussed to fix power in the hypothesis testing experiment. One should usually have power at least 0.8 in the study because having power less than this will have the issue of practical significance of findings. If the power in any study is less than 0.5 then it would be better to test the hypothesis by tossing a coin instead of organizing the experiment. It also discusses determining sample size and power using the freeware G*Power software, based on twenty-one examples using different analyses, like t-test, parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regression, logistic regression, independent and repeated measures ANOVA, mixed design, MANOVA and chi-square.Statistics Sociology—ResearchStudy skillsStatistical Theory and Methodshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/S11001Research Methodologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/X22190Applied Statisticshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/S17000Research Skillshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/O53060Statistics .Sociology—Research.Study skills.Statistical Theory and Methods.Research Methodology.Applied Statistics.Research Skills.519.5Verma J. Pauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut782107Verma Priyamauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK996418264903316Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies2184205UNISA03762nam 2200541Ia 450 991096949910332120251116215603.097866107423329781280742330128074233X97803096579690309657962(CKB)1000000000471152(EBL)3378171(MiAaPQ)EBC3378171(Perlego)4738174(BIP)13337502(EXLCZ)99100000000047115220060329d2006 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierFluoride in drinking water a scientific review of EPA's standards /Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Sciences, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academies Pressc20061 online resource (530 p.)Description based upon print version of record.9780309101288 030910128X Includes bibliographical references.""Front Matter""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Measures of Exposure to Fluoride in the United States""; ""3 Pharmacokinetics of Fluoride""; ""4 Effects of Fluoride on Teeth""; ""5 Musculoskeletal Effects""; ""6 Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Fluoride""; ""7 Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects""; ""8 Effects on the Endocrine System""; ""9 Effects on the Gastrointestinal, Renal, Hepatic, and Immune Systems""; ""10 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity""; ""11 Drinking Water Standards for Fluoride""; ""References""; ""Appendixes""""Appendix A Biographical Information on the Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water""""Appendix B Measures of Exposure to Fluoride in the United States: Supplementary Information""; ""Appendix C Ecologic and Partially Ecologic Studies in Epidemiology""; ""Appendix D Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Rats and Humans""; ""Appendix E Detailed Information on Endocrine Studies of Fluoride""Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.FluorinePhysiological effectWaterFluoridationUnited StatesFluorinePhysiological effect.WaterFluoridation613.2/87National Research Council (U.S.).Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910969499103321Fluoride in drinking water4359649UNINA