00853nam0 22002291i 450 UON0000570820231205101910.20120020107d1990 |0itac50 baengGB|||| 1||||Political Frontiers and BoundariesPrescott, J.R.VLondonUnwin Hyman1990xiii, 315 p.24 cmGEO XGEOGRAFIA POLITICA E REGIONALEAPRESCOTTJohn Robert VictorUONV0047801649ITSOL20240220RICASIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEOUONSIUON00005708SIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEOSI geo DIP.SC.SOC. 240 SI SA 72611 5 240 Political Frontiers and Boundaries1176085UNIOR11783nam 22006013 450 991101973110332120251116145142.0978352784447035278444739783527844494352784449X(CKB)31073521300041(MiAaPQ)EBC31227187(Au-PeEL)EBL31227187(Exl-AI)31227187(Perlego)4367294(OCoLC)1428260796(EXLCZ)993107352130004120240328d2024 uy 0engur|||||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierGreen Chemical Synthesis with Microwaves and Ultrasound1st ed.Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,2024.©2024.1 online resource (409 pages)9783527352975 352735297X Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Ultrasound Irradiation: Fundamental Theory, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Important Properties, and Physical Principles -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Cavitation History -- 1.2.1 Basics of Cavitation -- 1.2.2 Types of Cavitation -- 1.3 Application of Ultrasound Irradiation -- 1.3.1 Sonoluminescence and Sonophotocatalysis -- 1.3.2 Industrial Cleaning -- 1.3.3 Material Processing -- 1.3.4 Chemical and Biological Reactions -- 1.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Fundamental Theory of Electromagnetic Spectrum, Dielectric and Magnetic Properties, Molecular Rotation, and the Green Chemistry of Microwave Heating Equipment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Historical Background -- 2.1.2 Green Chemistry Principles for Sustainable System -- 2.2 Fundamental Concepts of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Theory -- 2.3 Electrical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties in Microwave Irradiation -- 2.4 Microwave Irradiation Molecular Rotation -- 2.5 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Theory in Microwave Irradiation -- 2.5.1 Electromagnetic Radiations and Microwave -- 2.5.2 Heating Mechanism of Microwave: Conventional Versus Microwave Heating -- 2.6 Physical Principles of Microwave Heating and Equipment -- 2.7 Green Chemistry Through Microwave Heating: Applications and Benefits -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Conventional Versus Green Chemical Transformation: MCRs, Solid Phase Reaction, Green Solvents, Microwave, and Ultrasound Irradiation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Brief Overview of Green Chemistry -- 3.2.1 Definition and Historical Background -- 3.2.2 Significance -- 3.3 Multicomponent Reactions -- 3.4 Solid Phase Reactions -- 3.5 Microwave Induced Synthesis -- 3.6 Ultrasound Induced Synthesis -- 3.7 Green Chemicals and Solvents.3.8 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 4 Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions Under Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation -- 4.1 Ultrasonic Irradiation -- 4.1.1 Iron‐Based Catalysts -- 4.1.2 Copper‐Based Catalysts -- 4.1.2.1 Dihydropyrimidinones by Cu‐Based Catalysts -- 4.1.2.2 Dihydroquinazolinones by Cu‐Based Catalysts -- 4.1.3 Misalliances Metal‐Based Catalysts -- 4.2 Microwave‐Assisted Reactions -- 4.2.1 Solid Acid and Base Catalysts -- 4.2.1.1 Condensation Reactions -- 4.2.1.2 Cyclization Reactions -- 4.2.1.3 Multi‐component Reactions -- 4.2.1.4 Friedel-Crafts Reactions -- 4.2.1.5 Reaction Involving Catalysts of Biological Origin -- 4.2.1.6 Reduction -- 4.2.1.7 Oxidation -- 4.2.1.8 Coupling Reactions -- 4.2.1.9 Micelliances Reactions -- 4.2.1.10 Click Chemistry -- 4.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Microwave‐ and Ultrasonic‐Assisted Coupling Reactions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microwave -- 5.2.1 Microwave‐Assisted Coupling Reactions -- 5.2.2 Ultrasound‐Assisted Coupling Reactions -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Under Microwave Irradiation Using Name Reactions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Classical Methods for Heterocyclic Synthesis Under Microwave Irradiation -- 6.2.1 Piloty-Robinson Pyrrole Synthesis -- 6.2.2 Clauson-Kaas Pyrrole Synthesis -- 6.2.3 Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis -- 6.2.4 Paal-Knorr Furan Synthesis -- 6.2.5 Paal-Knorr Thiophene Synthesis -- 6.2.6 Gewald Reaction -- 6.2.7 Fischer Indole Synthesis -- 6.2.8 Bischler-Möhlau Indole Synthesis -- 6.2.9 Hemetsberger-Knittel Indole Synthesis -- 6.2.10 Leimgruber-Batcho Indole Synthesis -- 6.2.11 Cadogan-Sundberg Indole Synthesis -- 6.2.12 Pechmann Pyrazole Synthesis -- 6.2.13 Debus-Radziszewski Reaction -- 6.2.14 van Leusen Imidazole Synthesis -- 6.2.15 van Leusen Oxazole Synthesis.6.2.16 Robinson-Gabriel Reaction -- 6.2.17 Hantzsch Thiazole Synthesis -- 6.2.18 Einhorn-Brunner Reaction -- 6.2.19 Pellizzari Reaction -- 6.2.20 Huisgen Reaction -- 6.2.21 Finnegan Tetrazole Synthesis -- 6.2.22 Four‐component Ugi‐azide Reaction -- 6.2.23 Kröhnke Pyridine Synthesis -- 6.2.24 Bohlmann-Rahtz Pyridine Synthesis -- 6.2.25 Boger Reaction -- 6.2.26 Skraup Reaction -- 6.2.27 Gould-Jacobs Reaction -- 6.2.28 Friedländer Quinoline Synthesis -- 6.2.29 Povarov Reaction -- 6.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Microwave‐ and Ultrasound‐Assisted Enzymatic Reactions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Influence Microwave Radiation on the Stability and Activity of Enzymes -- 7.3 Principle of Ultrasonic‐Assisted Enzymolysis -- 7.4 Applications of Ultrasonic‐Assisted Enzymolysis -- 7.4.1 Proteins and Other Plant Components Can Be Transformed and Extracted -- 7.4.2 Modification of Protein Functionality -- 7.4.3 Enhancement of Biological Activity -- 7.4.4 Ultrasonic‐Assisted Acceleration of Hydrolysis Time -- 7.5 Enzymatic Reactions Supported by Ultrasound -- 7.5.1 Lipase -- 7.5.2 Protease -- 7.5.3 Polysaccharide Enzymes -- 7.6 Biodiesel Production via Ultrasound‐Supported Transesterification -- 7.6.1 Homogenous Acid‐Catalyzed Ultrasound‐Assisted Transesterification -- 7.6.2 Transesterification with Ultrasound Assistance and Homogenous Base Catalysis -- 7.6.3 Heterogeneous Acid‐Catalyzed Ultrasound‐Assisted Transesterification -- 7.6.4 Heterogeneous Base‐Catalyzed Ultrasound‐Assisted Transesterification -- 7.6.5 Enzyme‐Catalyzed Ultrasound‐Assisted Transesterification -- 7.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Microwave‐ and Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Polymers -- 8.3 Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Polymers -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References.Chapter 9 Synthesis of Nanomaterials Under Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles -- 9.3 Synthesis of Carbon Dots -- 9.4 Synthesis of Metal Oxides -- 9.5 Synthesis of Silicon Dioxide -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Microwave‐ and Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOF) and Covalent Organic Frameworks (COF) -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Principles -- 10.2.1 Principles of Microwave Heating -- 10.2.2 Principle of Ultrasound‐Assisted Techniques -- 10.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microwave‐ and Ultrasound‐Assisted Techniques -- 10.3 MOF Synthesis by Microwave and Ultrasound Method -- 10.3.1 Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of MOF -- 10.3.2 Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of MOFs -- 10.4 Factors That Affect MOF Synthesis -- 10.4.1 Solvent -- 10.4.2 Temperature and pH -- 10.5 Application of MOF -- 10.6 COF Synthesis by Microwave and Ultrasound Method -- 10.6.1 Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of COFs -- 10.6.2 Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of COF -- 10.6.3 Structure of COF (2D and 3D) -- 10.7 Factors Affecting the COF Synthesis -- 10.8 Applications of COFs -- 10.9 Future Predictions -- 10.10 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Solid Phase Synthesis Catalyzed by Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Wastewater Treatment -- 11.3 Biodiesel Production -- 11.4 Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- 11.5 Alcoholic Fuel Cells -- 11.6 Conclusion and Future Plans -- References -- Chapter 12 Comparative Studies on Thermal, Microwave‐Assisted, and Ultrasound‐Promoted Preparations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Background on Preparative Techniques in Chemistry -- 12.1.2 Overview of Thermal, Microwave‐Assisted, and Ultrasound‐Promoted Preparations -- 12.1.3 Significance of Comparative Studies in Enhancing Synthetic Methodologies.12.1.3.1 Optimization of Conditions -- 12.1.3.2 Efficiency Improvement -- 12.1.3.3 Methodological Advances -- 12.1.3.4 Sustainability and Green Chemistry -- 12.2 Fundamentals of Thermal, Microwave‐Assisted, and Ultrasound‐Assisted Reactions -- 12.2.1 Explanation of Thermal Reactions and Their Advantages and Limitations -- 12.2.2 Introduction to Microwave‐Assisted Reactions and How They Differ from Traditional Method -- 12.2.3 Understanding the Principles and Mechanisms of Ultrasound‐Promoted Reactions -- 12.3 Case Studies in Organic Synthesis -- 12.3.1 Examining Examples of Organic Reactions Performed Under Thermal Conditions -- 12.3.1.1 Esterification Reaction Under Thermal Conditions -- 12.3.1.2 Dehydration of Alcohols -- 12.3.1.3 Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Using Water -- 12.3.2 Case Studies Showcasing the Application of Microwave‐Assisted Reactions -- 12.3.2.1 Microwave‐Assisted C C Bond Formation -- 12.3.2.2 Microwave‐Assisted Cyclization -- 12.3.2.3 Microwave‐Assisted Dehydrogenation Reactions -- 12.3.2.4 Microwave‐Assisted Organic Synthesis -- 12.3.3 Highlighting Successful Instances of Ultrasound‐Promoted Organic Synthesis -- 12.3.3.1 Ultrasound‐Promoted in Organic Synthesis -- 12.3.3.2 Ultrasound‐Promoted Oxidations -- 12.3.3.3 Ultrasound‐Promoted Esterification -- 12.3.3.4 Ultrasound‐Promoted Cyclization -- 12.4 Scope and Limitations -- 12.4.1 Discussing the Applicability of Each Method to Different Reaction Types -- 12.4.2 Identifying the Limitations and Challenges Faced by Each Technique -- 12.4.3 Opportunities for Combining Approaches to Overcome Specific Limitations -- 12.5 Future Directions and Emerging Trends -- 12.5.1 Overview of Recent Advancements and Ongoing Research in Thermal, Microwave, and Ultrasound‐Assisted Preparations -- 12.5.1.1 Food Processing Technologies.12.5.1.2 Chemical Routes to Materials: Thermal Oxidation of Graphite for Graphene Preparation.This book, edited by Dakeshwar Kumar Verma, Chandrabhan Verma, and Paz Otero, delves into the application of microwave and ultrasound irradiation in green chemical synthesis. It explores how these technologies can improve the efficiency and environmental impact of chemical reactions. The book covers fundamental theories, contemporary trends, and practical applications, including the synthesis of heterocycles, polymers, and nanomaterials. It aims to provide insights into reducing energy consumption and minimizing hazardous waste in chemical processes. The intended audience includes researchers, scientists, and students in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering.Generated by AI.Green chemistryGenerated by AIMicrowave heatingGenerated by AIGreen chemistryMicrowave heating660.0286Verma Dakeshwar Kumar1750922Verma Chandrabhan1837358Otero Paz1884825MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9911019731103321Green Chemical Synthesis with Microwaves and Ultrasound4519508UNINA02823nam 22005655 450 991058350340332120251229072228.03-031-08288-510.1007/978-3-031-08288-7(MiAaPQ)EBC7042206(Au-PeEL)EBL7042206(CKB)24242695300041(PPN)263897893(DE-He213)978-3-031-08288-7(EXLCZ)992424269530004120220709d2022 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierRecent Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy Proceedings of the CIT 2021 Volume 2 /edited by Miguel Botto-Tobar, Henry Cruz, Angela Diaz Cadena1st ed. 2022.Cham :Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Springer,2022.1 online resource (278 pages) illustrations (chiefly color)Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,1876-1119 ;932Print version: Botto-Tobar, Miguel Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783031082870 Includes bibliographical references and index.This book constitutes the proceedings of the XVI Multidisciplinary International Congress on Science and Technology (CIT 2021), held in Quito, Ecuador, on 14–18 June 2021, proudly organized by Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE in collaboration with GDEON. CIT is an international event with a multidisciplinary approach that promotes the dissemination of advances in Science and Technology research through the presentation of keynote conferences. In CIT, theoretical, technical, or application works that are research products are presented to discuss and debate ideas, experiences, and challenges. Presenting high-quality, peer-reviewed papers, the book discusses the following topics: · Electrical and Electronic · Energy and Mechanics.Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,1876-1119 ;932Automatic controlElectric power productionControl and Systems TheoryElectrical Power EngineeringAutomatic control.Electric power production.Control and Systems Theory.Electrical Power Engineering.621.3621.3Botto Tobar MiguelCruz HenryDiaz Cadena AngelaMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910583503403321Recent advances in electrical engineering, electronics and energy1905830UNINA