11282nam 22005293 450 991106611920332120260213080305.01-394-36360-51-394-36358-31-394-36359-1(CKB)45288163300041(MiAaPQ)EBC32541660(Au-PeEL)EBL32541660(OCoLC)1573147303(EXLCZ)994528816330004120260213d2025 uy 0engur|||||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrier6G to Build a Sustainable Future1st ed.Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,2025.©2026.1 online resource (0 pages)1-394-36357-5 Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Why Do We Need 6G? -- 1.2 Global View on Development Towards 6G -- 1.3 Structure of the Rest of the Book -- Disclaimer -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2 Value of 6G -- 2.1 Sustainability and Values -- 2.2 Stakeholders in the 6G System -- 2.2.1 6G Use‐Case Business Ecosystem Stakeholders -- 2.2.1.1 Business Ecosystems' Expansion with 6G -- 2.2.1.2 Sustainability Risk Assessment of the 6G Use Cases -- 2.2.1.3 The Envisioned 6G User -- 2.2.1.4 Indirect 6G User Impact -- 2.2.1.5 Customers and Innovators as Stakeholders -- 2.2.1.6 Risk Mitigation -- 2.2.1.7 Building a Resilient 6G -- 2.2.2 Spectrum Ecosystem Stakeholders -- 2.2.3 Public Ecosystem Stakeholders -- 2.3 6G Use‐Case Families and Use Cases -- 2.3.1 Immersive Experience -- 2.3.2 Physical Awareness -- 2.3.3 Digital Twins -- 2.3.4 Fully Connected World -- 2.3.5 Trusted Environments -- 2.3.6 Collaborative Robots -- 2.4 6G Use Case and Value Design | Cooperating Mobile Robots -- 2.4.1 Human and Planetary Goals -- 2.4.2 Problems to Be Solved and Challenges -- 2.4.3 Why 6G Is Needed -- 2.4.4 Example Scenarios -- 2.4.4.1 Cooperative Carrying with Mobile Robots -- 2.4.4.2 Lot‐Size‐1 Production -- 2.4.4.3 Automated Industrial Tasks -- 2.4.4.4 Autonomous Farming -- 2.4.4.5 Autonomous Construction Site -- 2.4.4.6 Smart Workshop -- 2.4.5 Deployment Aspects -- 2.4.5.1 Environment -- 2.4.5.2 Type of Deployment -- 2.4.5.3 Users and Devices -- 2.4.5.4 Constraints and Challenges -- 2.4.6 Requirements -- 2.4.7 Key Performance Indicators -- 2.4.8 Key Values and Key Value Indicators -- 2.4.9 Feedback into Technical Design -- 2.5 Business Models -- 2.5.1 Business Modelling for 6G Ecosystem -- 2.5.2 Business Modelling for Cooperating Mobile Robots Use Case -- 2.6 Conclusions.Acknowledgement -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 3 Sustainable 6G Platform -- 3.1 Sustainable 6G System: Principles and Requirements -- 3.1.1 Design Principles -- 3.1.2 Requirements -- 3.1.2.1 Functional Requirements -- 3.1.2.2 Non‐functional Requirements -- 3.2 Blueprint of the Sustainable 6G Platform -- 3.2.1 E2E System Architecture -- 3.2.1.1 Infrastructure Layer -- 3.2.1.2 Network Functions Layer -- 3.2.1.3 Application Enablement Platform Layer -- 3.2.1.4 Application Layer -- 3.2.1.5 Pervasive Functionalities -- 3.2.1.6 Multistakeholder Support -- 3.2.2 Design Process of 6G E2E System -- 3.2.2.1 Top‐Down Versus Bottom‐Up System Design -- 3.2.2.2 Enablers Integration in 6G System: A Knowledge Graph‐Based Approach -- 3.3 Multi‐Stakeholder Intent‐Based Service Management -- 3.3.1 End‐to‐End Multi‐DSP Service Management -- 3.3.1.1 Multi‐DSP Aggregation Service Provisioning -- 3.3.1.2 Multi‐DSP Federation Service Provisioning -- 3.3.2 Intent‐Based Digital Service Manager -- 3.3.2.1 Intent‐Based Interfaces -- 3.3.3 Intent‐Based‐Specific Enablers for a Sustainable E2E Service Management -- 3.3.3.1 E2E Intent‐Driven Service Fulfilment Management -- 3.3.3.2 E2E Intent‐Driven Service Evaluation Management -- 3.3.3.3 E2E Intent‐Driven Closed Loop Coordination -- 3.3.3.4 E2E Intent‐Based Trust Management -- 3.4 E2E Security Concepts -- 3.4.1 Security Controls and Security Enablers -- 3.4.1.1 Physical Context Awareness -- 3.4.1.2 Physical Anomaly Detection -- 3.4.1.3 Physical Layer Deception -- 3.4.1.4 Transparency Services and Level of Trust Assessment -- 3.4.1.5 Data‐Intensive E2E Security Management -- 3.4.1.6 DevSecOps -- 3.4.2 E2E 6G Security -- 3.4.2.1 Infrastructure Layer -- 3.4.2.2 Network Functions Layer -- 3.4.2.3 Application Enablement Platform Layer -- 3.4.2.4 Management and Orchestration -- 3.4.2.5 AI Framework.3.4.2.6 Data Framework -- 3.4.2.7 Multistakeholder 6G Ecosystem -- 3.4.2.8 Service Exposure and New 6G Services -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4 6G Transceiver and Radio Design -- 4.1 6G Radio Design Overview -- 4.1.1 6G Radio Scenarios -- 4.1.2 Radio Design Framework -- 4.1.3 Flexible Radio Architecture and Deployment -- 4.2 Transceivers and Antennas -- 4.2.1 Novel Architectures for Transistor‐Based Sub‐THz Systems -- 4.2.1.1 Dimensioning -- 4.2.1.2 Phase Noise Mitigation Utilizing Asymmetrical LO Routing -- 4.2.1.3 Antenna Integration -- 4.2.2 Novel Sub‐THz Transceiver Technologies -- 4.2.2.1 Resonant Tunnelling Diodes -- 4.2.2.2 Photonic Sub‐THz Transceivers -- 4.2.3 RIS Hardware Prototyping and Verification -- 4.3 Channel and Hardware Modelling -- 4.3.1 Short‐Range Measurements and Channel Models in Industrial Scenarios -- 4.3.1.1 Delay Spread Analysis -- 4.3.1.2 Path‐Loss Analysis -- 4.3.1.3 Analysis of the Rician K‐Factor -- 4.3.2 Macroscopic Channel Modelling for RIS -- 4.3.2.1 Fully Ray‐Based Macroscopic Modelling -- 4.3.3 Modelling of Sub‐THz Channel Dispersion in the Presence of Beamforming -- 4.3.4 Modelling of Hardware Non‐Idealities -- 4.3.4.1 Sub‐THz Non‐Idealities Modelling -- 4.3.4.2 FR3 Power Amplifier Modelling -- 4.4 MIMO Architectures and Transmission Schemes -- 4.4.1 Hybrid Architectures Exploiting 'Over‐the‐Air' EM Signal Processing -- 4.4.2 Near‐Field Wavefront Engineering for Integrated Sensing and Communication -- 4.4.2.1 RIS‐Aided Wavefront Engineering -- 4.4.2.2 Near‐Field Angle‐Range Localization for ISAC -- 4.4.3 Massive MIMO with Low‐Resolution Data Converters -- 4.4.4 D‐MIMO and RIS -- 4.4.4.1 Centralized Versus Distributed Beamforming Design in D‐MIMO -- 4.4.4.2 ISAC D‐MIMO, Scalable D‐MIMO -- 4.4.4.3 RIS‐Assisted D‐MIMO, RIS‐Assisted IAB -- 4.5 6G Devices and Infrastructure.4.5.1 Future Directions for IoT Devices -- 4.5.1.1 Energy Neutral Devices -- 4.5.1.2 Enhanced LPWA -- 4.5.1.3 Intelligence with TinyML -- 4.5.1.4 Security and Privacy Enhancements -- 4.5.2 Secure Integration of SoC Accelerators -- 4.5.2.1 Secure SoC Architecture with Accelerator Integration Support -- 4.5.2.2 AI and DSP Accelerator Capabilities -- 4.5.3 Energy Neutral Device Design -- 4.5.3.1 Energy Harvesting -- 4.5.3.2 Protocols for Active Energy Neutral Devices -- 4.5.3.3 Passive Energy Neutral Devices -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5 Architecture Enablers for 6G -- 5.1 Novel Services -- 5.1.1 Sensing Functional Architecture -- 5.1.2 Compute Offloading -- 5.1.3 AI as a Service -- 5.1.4 Consumer Application Function Placement Optimization -- 5.2 6G Cloud‐Native Architecture -- 5.2.1 Modular Network Architecture for 6G -- 5.2.2 Inter‐module Interactions and Interfaces -- 5.2.3 Integration of Extreme Edge -- 5.3 Flexible Networks -- 5.3.1 Subnetworks -- 5.3.2 Multi‐connectivity -- 5.3.3 5G-6G Spectrum Co‐existence: Multi‐RAT Spectrum Sharing -- 5.4 Non‐terrestrial Networks -- 5.4.1 Rationale for NTN in 6G -- 5.4.2 NTN Deployment Scenarios -- 5.4.2.1 Frequency Band of the Service Link -- 5.4.2.2 Radio Cells -- 5.4.3 Impact on 6G System Architecture -- 5.4.4 Support of NTN‐TN Integration -- 5.4.4.1 Ubiquitous Connectivity -- 5.4.4.2 Resiliency -- 5.4.4.3 Network Energy Efficiency/Sustainability -- 5.4.4.4 Spectrum Usage Efficiency -- 5.4.5 On‐Board Edge Capabilities -- 5.5 Dependable Networking -- 5.5.1 Enablers for Dependable Networking -- 5.5.1.1 Performance Observability and Predictability -- 5.5.1.2 Dependable Edge Cloud Integration -- 5.5.1.3 Packet Delay Correction for Deterministic Delay Performance -- 5.5.1.4 Network Programmability and Communication-Control-Compute Co‐design.5.5.1.5 Bringing Dependability to the Multi‐domain Multi‐technology Data Plane -- 5.5.2 Architecture Support for Dependable End‐to‐End Communication with 6G -- 5.6 Radio Protocols -- 5.6.1 Radio Control Plane -- 5.6.2 Radio User Plane -- 5.6.3 Mobility Procedures -- 5.6.4 App‐Network Interactions for Service Differentiation and QoS/QoE Management -- 5.7 Quantum‐Enhanced Network Functionalities -- 5.8 Conclusions -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6 6G Intelligence -- 6.1 The Motivations for AI/ML in 6G -- 6.1.1 The Needs for Data‐Driven Architecture -- 6.1.2 The Needs for AI/ML for Physical Layer Signal Processing -- 6.1.3 The Needs for AI‐Driven Management and Orchestration -- 6.1.4 The Needs for Trustworthy AI/ML and AI/ML for 6G Trustworthiness -- 6.2 6G System Blueprint: AI/ML‐Specific View -- 6.3 AI‐Native Architecture -- 6.3.1 DataOps -- 6.3.2 MLOps -- 6.3.3 AI as a Service -- 6.4 AI‐Driven Radio Air Interface -- 6.4.1 AI‐Driven Methods for Hardware Impairment Compensation for Communication -- 6.4.2 End‐to‐End Optimized Physical Layer Using AI/ML Algorithms -- 6.4.3 Model‐Based Learning for Hardware Impairment Compensation in ISAC -- 6.4.4 Data‐Driven Sensing with Wireless Signals -- 6.5 Smart Network Management -- 6.5.1 AI‐Based Solutions for Resource Allocation -- 6.5.2 Network Digital Twins -- 6.5.3 Multi‐agent‐Based Solutions for Distributed Services Orchestration -- 6.5.4 AI‐Enabled Network Management -- 6.5.5 Causal AI for Intent‐Based Management -- 6.6 AI/ML and Trustworthiness for 6G -- 6.6.1 AI/ML for Trustworthiness -- 6.6.2 Trustworthy AI/ML for 6G -- 6.7 An Overview of AI/ML Standardizations -- 6.7.1 AI/ML Standardization in 3GPP SA2 -- 6.7.2 AI/ML Standardization in 3GPP SA5 -- 6.7.3 AI/ML Standardization in 3GPP SA6 -- 6.7.4 AI/ML Standardization for Air Interface in 3GPP RAN1/RAN2.6.7.5 AI/ML Standardization for Air Interface in O‐RAN.Insights on designing a sustainable 6G system as a multi-functional platform that delivers services beyond communication 6G to Build a Sustainable Future provides a summary of the research conducted in the European 6G Flagship project Hexa-X-II towards the sixth generation (6G) mobile networks, with additional input from other smart networks and.6G mobile communication systemsGenerated by AISustainable engineeringGenerated by AI6G mobile communication systemsSustainable engineering621.3845Uusitalo Mikko A1895152MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK99110661192033216G to Build a Sustainable Future4547539UNINA