11184oam 22005412 450 991104402760332120260129123727.00-443-33396-3(MiAaPQ)EBC32253905(Au-PeEL)EBL32253905(CKB)40096532200041(OCoLC)1531323314(EXLCZ)994009653220004120250502d2025 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAdditive manufacturing of magnetic materials techniques, materials, applications, opportunities and challenges /edited by Moataz Attallah, Abdelmoez Hussein1st ed.Chantilly :Elsevier,2025.©2025.1 online resource (664 pages)Additive Manufacturing Materials and Technologies Series0-443-33395-5 Front Cover -- Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Additive manufacturing -- 1 Fundamentals of additive manufacturing techniques -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Laser powder bed fusion -- 1.3 Electron beam powder bed fusion -- 1.4 Direct energy deposition and laser metal deposition with wire -- 1.4.1 Direct energy deposition technology -- 1.4.2 Laser metal deposition with wire -- 1.4.3 Process variables and their influence on microstructure and mechanical properties -- 1.5 Metal binder jetting -- 1.6 Cold spray -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Additive manufacturing of soft magnets -- 2 Laser powder bed fusion of µ-metal for magnetic-shielding applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Overview of Ni-Fe alloys -- 2.2.1 Magnetic shielding: mechanism and applications -- 2.2.1.1 Active magnetic shielding -- 2.2.1.2 Passive magnetic shielding -- 2.2.2 Magnetic properties of soft magnets -- 2.2.2.1 Domain structure and Hysteresis loop -- 2.2.2.2 Magnetic anisotropy and magnetocrystalline energy -- 2.2.3 Development of Mu-metal alloy -- 2.3 The industry of magnetic shielding: global market and challenges -- 2.4 Laser powder bed fusion of µ-metal -- 2.4.1 Microstructure development -- 2.4.1.1 Densification -- 2.4.1.2 Cracking mechanism -- 2.4.1.3 Texture and microstructure control -- 2.4.2 Magnetic properties of laser powder bed fusion µ-metal -- 2.4.3 Shielding effect -- 2.4.4 Mechanical properties -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Additive manufacturing of Fe-Si (silicon steel) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 (Fe-Si) Silicon-iron alloys -- 3.3 Additive manufacturing of Fe-Si alloys -- 3.4 Laser powder-bed fusion-selective laser melting-direct laser metal sintering -- 3.5 Chemical composition variations of Fe-Si via laser powder bed fusion.3.6 Electron beam melting-electron powder-bed fusion of Fe-Si -- 3.7 Direct energy deposition-laser metal deposition of Fe-Si -- 3.8 Binder jetting of Fe-Si -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Additive manufacturing of functionally graded magnetic materials -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Additive manufacturing techniques for functionally graded materials and functionally graded magnetic materials -- 4.2.1 Direct energy deposition laser beam -- 4.2.2 Powder bad fusion laser beam -- 4.3 State of the art of functionally graded soft magnetic materials -- 4.3.1 Functionally graded Fe-Si magnetic alloys -- 4.3.2 Functionally graded Finemet-based alloys -- 4.3.3 Functionally graded Co-Fe, Ni-Fe and Co-Fe/Ni-Fe magnetic materials -- 4.3.4 Functionally graded Fe-Co-Ni magnetic materials -- 4.3.5 Functionally graded complex concentrated magnetic alloys -- 4.3.6 Other functionally graded magnetic materials -- 4.4 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Additively manufactured magnetic polymer composite materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Principles of magnetic polymer composites -- 5.2.1 Overview -- 5.2.2 Types of magneto-responsive composites based on the filler particles -- 5.2.3 Working mechanism of magneto-responsive composites -- 5.2.3.1 Soft-magnetic magneto-responsive composites -- 5.2.3.2 Hard-magnetic magneto-responsive composites -- 5.2.3.3 Superparamagnetic magneto-responsive composites -- 5.3 Additive manufacturing of magneto-responsive composites -- 5.3.1 Direct ink writing -- 5.3.2 Material jetting -- 5.3.2.1 Low-viscosity jetting -- 5.3.2.2 High-viscosity jetting -- 5.3.3 Vat-photopolymerisation methods (SLA/DLP/TPP) -- 5.3.4 Fused deposition modeling -- 5.3.5 Selective laser sintering -- 5.3.6 Comparison of additive manufacturing methods -- 5.4 Additively manufactured magnetic actuator devices -- 5.5 Conclusions.Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and nomenclature -- References -- 6 Additive manufacturing of amorphous soft magnetic materials -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Additive manufacturing of bulk metallic glasses -- 6.1.1.1 Laser powder-bed fusion of bulk metallic glasses -- 6.1.1.1.1 Thermal development during laser powder-bed fusion process -- 6.1.1.1.2 Effect of process parameters on microstructure and crystallization -- 6.1.1.1.3 Overview -- 6.1.1.2 Directed energy deposition of bulk metallic glasses -- 6.1.1.3 Electron beam melting -- 6.1.1.4 Laser foil printing -- 6.1.1.5 Thermal spraying additive manufacturing -- 6.1.1.6 Fused filament fabrication -- 6.1.2 Importance of amorphous soft-magnetic materials -- 6.2 Additive manufacturing of amorphous soft-magnetic materials -- 6.2.1 Laser powder-bed fusion of amorphous magnetic alloys -- 6.2.1.1 Magnetic properties of laser powder-bed fusion-processed amorphous magnetic alloys -- 6.2.2 Directed energy deposition of amorphous magnetic materials -- 6.2.2.1 Magnetic properties of directed energy deposition-processed amorphous magnetic alloys -- 6.3 Future trends and challenges -- References -- 3 Additive manufacturing of Hard/permanent magnets -- 7 Additive manufacturing of Nd-Fe-B hard magnets -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Nd-Fe-B magnets -- 7.1.2 Nd-Fe-B magnets using powder bed fusion-laser beam -- 7.2 Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material -- 7.2.1 Basic properties of Nd2Fe14B -- 7.2.2 Remanence and coercivity: intrinsic versus extrinsic properties -- 7.2.2.1 Intrinsic properties of RE-Fe-B permanent magnets -- 7.2.2.2 Extrinsic properties of RE-Fe-B permanent magnets -- 7.2.3 Microstructure and properties of conventionally manufactured and AM Nd-Fe-B magnets -- 7.2.3.1 Microstructure of the Nd-Fe-B magnets -- 7.2.3.2 Factors influencing the coercivity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets.7.2.3.2.1 The effects of grain size and aspect ratio on coercivity -- 7.2.3.2.2 Effect of the grain boundary phase and morphology on coercivity -- 7.2.3.2.3 The effects of crystal alignment of the grains on coercivity -- 7.3 Powder bed fusion-laser beam Nd-Fe-B -- 7.3.1 Using PBF-LB to produce Nd-Fe-B -- 7.3.2 Microstructure of the powder bed fusion-laser beam Nd-Fe-B materials -- 7.3.3 Post-process treatments on Nd-Fe-B -- 7.3.3.1 Heat-treatment -- 7.3.3.2 Infiltration -- 7.3.4 The application of PBF-LB Nd-Fe-B in electrical machines -- 7.4 Summary -- 7.4.1 Conclusions -- 7.4.2 Proposed future work -- References -- 4 Additive manufacturing of magnetocalorics and shape memory alloys -- 8 Additive manufacturing of NiMn-based Heusler alloys for magnetic refrigeration applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Different catergories of NiMn-based Heusler alloy -- 8.3 Conventional manufacturing techniques for NiMn-based Heusler alloy -- 8.3.1 Single-crystal alloy -- 8.3.1.1 Bridgman method -- 8.3.1.2 Czochralski method -- 8.3.1.3 Zone melting -- 8.3.2 Polycrystals alloy -- 8.3.2.1 Stray polycrystals -- 8.3.2.2 Oriented polycrystals -- 8.3.2.2.1 Suction casting -- 8.3.2.2.2 Directional solidification -- 8.3.2.2.3 Melt-spun ribbons -- 8.4 Additive manufacturing of NiMn-based Heusler alloys -- 8.4.1 Typical additive manufacturing technologies -- 8.4.2 Research progress of the MAMed NiMn-based Heusler Alloy -- 8.5 Defects in AM of NiMn-based Heusler Alloy -- 8.5.1 The defects in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) -- 8.5.1.1 Geometry-related defects -- 8.5.1.2 Surface integrity-related defects -- 8.5.1.3 Microstructural defects -- 8.5.2 The defects in metal binder jetting (BJ) -- 8.5.2.1 Effect of powder size distribution -- 8.5.2.2 Effect of binder residue -- 8.5.3 The defects in laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) -- 8.5.3.1 Residual stresses and distortion.8.5.3.2 Porosity -- 8.5.3.3 Cracking and delamination -- 8.6 The metallurgy of AM NiMn-based Heusler Alloy -- 8.6.1 The powder for AM NiMn-based alloy -- 8.6.2 The microstructure of as-printed NiMn-based alloy -- 8.7 The performance of AM NiMn-based Heusler Alloy -- 8.7.1 The performance of as-fabricated MAM NiMn-based Heusler Alloy -- 8.7.2 The performance of heat-treated MAM NiMn-based Heusler Alloy -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Additive manufacturing of magnetic shape memory alloys -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Overview of magnetic shape memory alloys -- 9.2.1 Alloy characteristics -- 9.2.1.1 Chemical composition, crystal structure, and phase transformations -- 9.2.1.2 Magnetic properties and magnetocrystalline anisotropy -- 9.2.1.3 Functional properties -- 9.2.1.4 Magnetic shape memory effect -- 9.2.1.5 Magnetic torque-induced bending -- 9.2.1.6 Field-induced phase transformations -- 9.2.1.7 Other functional properties -- 9.2.2 Conventional manufacturing -- 9.2.2.1 Single crystals -- 9.2.2.2 Polycrystals -- 9.2.2.3 Postprocessing -- 9.2.3 Applications -- 9.3 Additive manufacturing of magnetic shape memory alloys -- 9.3.1 Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of Ni-Mn-Ga -- 9.3.1.1 Processing steps -- 9.3.1.2 Material properties and characteristics -- 9.3.2 Binder jetting of Ni-Mn-Ga -- 9.3.2.1 Processing steps -- 9.3.2.2 Material properties and characteristics -- 9.3.3 Laser-based directed energy deposition of Ni-Mn-Ga -- 9.3.3.1 Processing steps -- 9.3.3.2 Material properties and characteristics -- 9.3.4 Laser powder bed fusion of Ni-Mn-Ga -- 9.3.4.1 Processing steps -- 9.3.4.2 Material properties and characteristics -- 9.4 Future research directions and emerging trends -- 9.4.1 In situ monitoring and modeling -- 9.4.1.1 Exploration of new alloy compositions -- 9.4.1.2 In situ alloying -- 9.4.2 Other research gaps -- 9.5 Summary.References.Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials: Techniques, Materials, Applications, Opportunities and Challenges outlines different 3D printing techniques that can be employed to create an array of different magnetic materials, along with how these materials can be effectively applied.Additive Manufacturing Materials and Technologies.Additive manufacturingMagnetic materialsAdditive manufacturing.Magnetic materials.621.34Attallah MoatazHussein AbdelmoezMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9911044027603321Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials4460830UNINA