11988nam 22006733 450 991100717680332120240131080237.00-7844-8518-60-7844-8517-8(CKB)29468189800041(MiAaPQ)EBC31086074(Au-PeEL)EBL31086074(MiAaPQ)EBC31702440(Au-PeEL)EBL31702440(Exl-AI)31702440(EXLCZ)992946818980004120240131d2023 uy 0engur|||||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierSubstation Structure Design Guide Recommended Practice for Design and Use2nd ed.Reston :American Society of Civil Engineers,2023.©2023.1 online resource (345 pages)Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice Series ;v.1130-7844-1617-6 Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice -- Contents -- Preface -- Blue Ribbon Panel Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Dedication -- Chapter 1 : Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 : Definitions, Electrical Equipment, and Structure Types -- 2.1   Purpose -- 2.2   Definitions, Substation Types, and Components -- 2.2.1   Substation -- 2.2.2   Switchyard or Switching Station -- 2.2.3   Unit Substation -- 2.2.4   Transmission Line -- 2.2.5   Air-Insulated Substation -- 2.2.6   Gas-Insulated Substation, GIS -- 2.2.7   Electrical Clearance -- 2.2.8   Buswork System -- 2.2.9   Short-Circuit Force -- 2.2.10   Dead-End Structures -- 2.2.11   Box-Type Structure -- 2.2.12   Shielding Mast -- 2.2.13   Lightning Mast -- 2.3   Electrical Equipment and Supports -- 2.3.1   Power Transformer and Autotransformer -- 2.3.2   Shunt Reactor -- 2.3.3   Current-Limiting Inductor or Air Core Reactor -- 2.3.4   Line Trap -- 2.3.5   Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer -- 2.3.6   Disconnect Switch -- 2.3.7   Circuit Switcher (Load Interrupter Switch) -- 2.3.8   Circuit Breaker -- 2.3.9   Potential and Current Transformers -- 2.3.10   Capacitor Bank -- 2.3.11   Surge Arrester -- 2.3.12   Neutral Grounding Resistor -- 2.3.13   Cable Terminator -- 2.3.14   Insulator -- 2.3.15   Bus Duct -- 2.3.16   Fire Barriers -- 2.3.17   Control Enclosures -- 2.3.18   Transformers -- 2.4   Definition of Responsibilities -- 2.4.1   Owner -- 2.4.2   Structure Designer -- 2.4.3   Supplier or Fabricator -- References -- Chapter 3 : Loading Criteria for Substation Structures -- 3.1   Basic Loading Conditions -- 3.1.1   Dead Loads -- 3.1.2   Equipment Operating Loads -- 3.1.3   Terminal Connection Loads for Electrical Equipment -- 3.1.4   Wire Tension Loads -- 3.1.5   Extreme Wind Loads -- 3.1.6   Ice Loads with Concurrent Wind.3.1.7   Seismic Loads -- 3.1.8   Short-Circuit (Fault) Loads -- 3.1.9   Construction and Maintenance Loads -- 3.1.10   Wind-Induced Oscillations -- 3.1.11   Loading Criteria for Deflection Limitations -- 3.1.12   National Electrical Safety Code Loads -- 3.1.13   State and Local Regulatory Loads -- 3.2   Application of Loads -- 3.3   Load Factors and Combinations -- 3.4   Alternate Design Loads and Load Factors -- 3.5   Serviceability Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4 : Deflection Criteria (For Operational Loading) -- 4.1   Structure Classifications and Deflection Limits -- 4.1.1   Deflection Analysis and Criteria -- 4.1.2   Class A Structures -- 4.1.3   Class B Structures -- 4.1.4   Class C Structures -- 4.2   Special Considerations for Deflection Analysis -- 4.2.1   Multiple-Use Structures -- 4.2.2   Rotational Limitation -- 4.2.3   Anchorage and Member Connection Restraints -- 4.2.4   Gross versus Net Deflections -- 4.2.5   Shielding Masts and Other Tall, Slender Structures -- 4.2.6   Rigid Bus Vertical Deflection Criteria -- 4.3   Summary -- Reference -- Chapter 5 : Method of Analysis -- 5.1   Overview -- 5.2   Stress Criterion versus Deflection Criterion -- 5.3   The Structure Model -- 5.3.1   Individual Members and Connections -- 5.3.2   Truss Model -- 5.3.3   Frame Model -- 5.3.4   Finite-Element Model -- 5.3.5   Loads and Support Conditions -- 5.4   Static Analysis Method -- 5.4.1   Approximate Analysis -- 5.4.2   First-Order Elastic Analysis -- 5.4.3   Second-Order Elastic Analysis -- 5.4.4   First-Order Inelastic Analysis -- 5.4.5   Analysis Requirements in Commonly Used Documents -- 5.5   Dynamic Analysis Method -- 5.5.1   Steady-State Analysis -- 5.5.2   Eigenvalue Analysis: Natural Frequencies and Normal Modes -- 5.5.3   Response Spectrum Analysis -- 5.6   Recommendation for an Analysis Method -- 5.6.1   Static Analysis.5.6.2   Dynamic Analysis -- 5.7   Analysis of Short-Circuit Events -- 5.7.1   Rigid Bus Analysis Methods -- 5.7.2   Rigid Bus Analysis Methods Discussion -- 5.7.3   Short-Circuit Analysis Considerations -- References -- Chapter 6 : Design -- 6.1   General Design Principles -- 6.2   Design Methods -- 6.3   Steel Structures -- 6.3.1   Ultimate Strength Design -- 6.4   Concrete Structures -- 6.4.1   Reinforced Concrete Structures -- 6.4.2   Prestressed Concrete Structures -- 6.4.3   Prestressed Concrete Poles -- 6.5   Aluminum Structures -- 6.5.1   Typical Substation Alloys and Tempers -- 6.5.2   Applications to Substation Structures -- 6.5.3   Use Limitation with Aluminum Substation Structures -- 6.5.4   Aluminum Connections -- 6.5.5   Aluminum Design Resources -- 6.6   Wood Structures -- 6.6.1   Ultimate Strength Design -- 6.6.2   Allowable Strength Design -- 6.7   Seismic Design Guidelines -- 6.7.1   Structures That Support Electrical Equipment Qualified for IEEE 693 -- 6.7.2   Structures Not Covered by IEEE 693 -- 6.8   Base Plate Design -- 6.8.1   Determination of Anchor Rod Loads -- 6.8.2   Determination of Base Plate Thickness -- 6.8.3   Anchor Rod Holes in Base Plates -- 6.8.4   Base and Flange Plate Design for Deflection-Sensitive Structures -- 6.9   Rigid Bus Design -- 6.9.1   Bus Layout Configuration -- 6.9.2   Rigid Bus Materials and Shapes -- 6.9.3   Fittings and Couplers -- 6.9.4   Insulators -- 6.9.5   Bus System Design -- 6.9.6   Rigid Bus Seismic Considerations -- 6.10   Special Considerations -- 6.10.1   Precautions Regarding the Magnetic Fields of Air Core Reactors -- 6.10.2   Vortex-Induced Oscillation and Vibration -- 6.10.3   Galvanizing Steel Considerations -- 6.10.4   Painted or Metallized Steel Considerations -- 6.10.5   Member Connection Design -- 6.10.6   Weathering Steel Structures -- 6.10.7   Guyed Substation Structures.6.10.8   Aluminum with Dissimilar Materials -- References -- Chapter 7 : Foundations -- 7.1   Foundation Types -- 7.1.1   Shallow Foundations -- 7.1.2   Deep Foundations -- 7.1.3   Direct Embedment -- 7.1.4   Helical Screw Anchor Piles -- 7.2   Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration -- 7.2.1   General -- 7.2.2   Existing Geological Data -- 7.2.3   Site-Specific Subsurface Exploration -- 7.3   Additional Design Considerations -- 7.3.1   Frost Action -- 7.3.2   Expansive or Collapsible Soils -- 7.3.3   Corrosion -- 7.3.4   Seismic Loads and Dynamic Loads -- 7.3.5   Soil-Structure Interaction -- 7.4   Loading Considerations -- 7.4.1   Load Application -- 7.4.2   Load Combinations -- 7.5   Durability of Concrete -- 7.6   Special Considerations -- 7.6.1   Operational Loads -- 7.6.2   Construction Loads -- 7.6.3   Group Effects -- 7.6.4   Slopes and Excavations -- 7.6.5   Constructability -- 7.6.6   Settlement, Rotation, and Deflection -- 7.6.7   Uplift -- 7.6.8   Seismic Base Isolation -- 7.6.9   Grounding -- 7.6.10   National Electrical Safety Council District Loading and Foundation Design -- References -- Chapter 8 : Connections to Foundations -- 8.1   Foundation Types and Anchorage Systems -- 8.1.1   Spread Footing Foundation -- 8.1.2   Drilled Pier Foundation -- 8.1.3   Anchor Rods Installed without Grout Beneath Base Plates -- 8.1.4   Embedded Structural Steel -- 8.2   Anchor Materials -- 8.3   Anchor Arrangements and General Design Considerations -- 8.3.1   Base Plates Supported by Anchor Rods with Leveling Nuts -- 8.3.2   Anchor Rods with Base Plates on Concrete or Grout -- 8.4   Anchors Cast in Place -- 8.4.1   Types of Anchors -- 8.4.2   Design Considerations for Anchor Steel -- 8.4.3   Design Considerations for Concrete -- 8.5   Post-installed Anchors in Concrete -- 8.5.1   Types and Application -- 8.5.2   Design -- 8.5.3   Installation.References -- Chapter 9 : Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- 9.1   General -- 9.2   Steel Structures -- 9.2.1   Material -- 9.2.2   Welding -- 9.2.3   Fabrication Inspection -- 9.2.4   Structure Coating -- 9.3   Aluminum Structures -- 9.3.1   Material -- 9.3.2   Welding -- 9.3.3   Fabrication -- 9.3.4   Inspection -- 9.3.5   Structure Coating -- 9.4   Concrete Structures -- 9.4.1   Reinforced Concrete -- 9.4.2   Prestressed Concrete Poles -- 9.4.3   Inspection -- 9.5   Wood Structures -- 9.5.1   Material and Treatment -- 9.5.2   Manufacturing and Fabrication -- 9.5.3   Inspection -- 9.6   Shipping -- 9.7   Handling and Storage -- References -- Chapter 10 : Construction, Maintenance, and Testing -- 10.1   Construction -- 10.2   Maintenance -- 10.3   Worker Safety -- 10.4   Full-Scale Structural Proof Tests -- References -- Chapter 11 : Retrofit of Existing Substation Infrastructures -- 11.1   General -- 11.2   Alternative Methods for Retrofit or Reinforcement of Substation Infrastructures -- 11.2.1   Types of Structures That May Require Reinforcement/Repair -- 11.2.2   Retrofit Methods -- 11.2.3   Methods of Anchorage Retrofit -- 11.2.4   Considerations When Retrofitting Steel Structures -- 11.2.5   Structure Finish and Its Consideration to the Retrofit Process -- 11.3   Environmental Concerns When Retrofitting Substations -- 11.3.1   Asbestos in Existing Substations -- 11.3.2   Demolition Activities -- 11.3.3   Renovation Activities -- 11.3.4   Soil Contamination in Existing Substations -- 11.4   Enhancing Security and Resilience of Electrical Substations -- 11.5   Retrofit Design Considerations -- 11.6   Installation -- References -- Chapter 12 : Oil Containment and Barrier Walls -- 12.1   General -- 12.2   Oil Containment -- 12.2.1   General -- 12.2.2   Containment Systems -- 12.2.3   Oil Retention Drainage.12.2.4   Design Considerations.MOP 113, Second Edition, documents electrical substation structural design practice and gives guidance and recommendations for the design of outdoor electrical substation structures.Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice SeriesElectric substationsGenerated by AIStructural engineeringGenerated by AIElectric substationsStructural engineering621.31/26Amundsen Thomas1823011Blackwell T. Alan1823012Clark Michael34223Diokno Marella D1823013Edwards Kurt1823014Farahani Majid R. J1823015Fujisaki Eric1823016Gardner Todd1823017Gemar Jennifer A1823018Gille Stefanie1823019MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9911007176803321Substation Structure Design Guide4389448UNINA