08919nam 22004693 450 991098598390332120250308060306.09781040343227(electronic bk.)9781032710716(MiAaPQ)EBC31807695(Au-PeEL)EBL31807695(CKB)37780280100041(EXLCZ)993778028010004120250308d2025 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierChildren and Violence Agency, Experience, and Representation in and Beyond Armed Conflict1st ed.Oxford :Taylor & Francis Group,2025.©2025.1 online resource (271 pages)Print version: Bameka, Christelle Molima Children and Violence Oxford : Taylor & Francis Group,c2025 9781032710716 Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Common Abbreviations -- Selected Treaties and Instruments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Definitions and Terminology -- 1.3 Additional Cross-Cutting Themes -- 1.3.1 Agency -- 1.3.2 Reconciliation, Restoration, and Vibrant Cultures of Juvenile Rights -- 1.3.3 International Relations and North-South -- 1.4 Roadmap -- 1.5 Concluding By Opening: Peering Beyond -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Section I Joining and Leaving Armed Fights -- 2 Safeguarding Futures: Rethinking Preventative Approaches to Protect Minors From Recruitment and Use in Colombia -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background to the Violence and Responses Thereto -- 2.2.1 The Colombian Armed Conflict -- 2.2.2 Ombudsperson's Office - Role, Efforts, and Timeframe -- 2.3 Data and Methodology -- 2.4 Results -- 2.4.1 The Actors Across Time -- 2.4.2 Recruitment and Use Across the Territory -- 2.4.3 Strategies By Actor -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 3 From Child Soldiers to Struggling Citizens: Children and Youth in a Broken and Uneven Social Contract in Conflict and Post-Conflict Democratic Republic of the Congo -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Research Background and Framework -- 3.3 Method and Analysis -- 3.4 Trajectories of Former Child Soldiers -- 3.4.1 Escaping the 'State of Childhood' and Acquiring a 'Military Spirit' -- 3.4.2 Returning to Civilian Life, Not to Childhood -- 3.4.3 Negative Perceptions of the Kadogos in the Communities -- 3.4.4 Prospects of a Return to Civilian Life -- 3.4.5 Necessary Transactions - The Reintegration Programme as an 'Entre-Lieux' -- 3.4.6 Work as a Central Aspect of Achievement.3.4.7 Family Unit, as a Hierarchical Space in Which Values and Duties Are Distributed -- 3.4.8 Lack of Medical Attention as an Example of the Government's Failure to Protect Them -- 3.4.9 Strategies to Become Full Members of the Community -- 3.5 Conclusion: Youth in Conflict and Post-Conflict D.R.C. as a State of Constant Flux -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 4 Former Child Soldiers: Persistent Conceptions of Childhood, and the Long Road of Transitional Justice in Uganda -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Conceptions of Childhoods and Child Soldiers -- 4.3 T.J. and the Wheels of Time in Uganda -- 4.4 Adult Former Child Soldiers and the Influence of Conceptions of Childhood -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 5 Sulh as Restorative Justice for Child Soldiers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Reality of Child Soldiers -- 5.2.1 The General Issue -- 5.2.2 Prevailing Responses: D.D.R. and Retributive Justice -- 5.3 The Child Soldier, a Victim Or a Criminal? -- 5.3.1 The First Approach: Child Soldiers Exclusively as Victims -- 5.3.2 The Second Approach: It Is Possible to Hold Child Soldiers Accountable -- 5.3.3 A Constructive Path Forward -- 5.4 Restorative Justice in Theory and Practice -- 5.4.1 The General Framework of Restorative Justice -- 5.4.2 The Use of Restorative Justice Practice With Child Soldiers -- 5.4.3 Sulh as a Restorative Justice Practice in the Arab World -- 5.5 The Use of Sulh With Child Soldiers in Certain Arab Countries -- 5.5.1 Experiences of Sulh in Iraq and Yemen -- 5.5.2 Challenges and Opportunities: How Can Sulh Be Used? -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Note -- Bibliography -- Section II Cross-Overs: Fights Beyond Conventional Armed Conflict -- 6 Children and Cyberconflict: (Re)assessing Harm and the Capacity of Legal Instruments to Protect -- 6.1 Introduction.6.2 Beyond Kinetic Warfare: Understanding How Cyberconflict Affects and Is Affected By Children -- 6.2.1 Harms Resulting From Disruptions to Normal Life -- 6.2.2 Expanding the Scope of Participation -- 6.3 (Re)Conceptualising Harm in Response to Cyberconflict -- 6.4 Assessing the Capacity of Legal Frameworks to Respond to the Forms of Harm That Cyberconflict Poses to Children -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Note -- Bibliography -- 7 Guilty Victims Or Not?: Non-Punishment of Child Trafficking Victims and Child Soldiers Under International Law -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Child Trafficking Victims and Child Soldiers: Definitional Complexities and Overlaps Under International Law -- 7.3 Child Trafficking Victims (Presumably) 'Compelled' to Commit Crime and (Former) 'Forced' Child Soldiers: Victims, Perpetrators Or Both? -- 7.3.1 V.C.L. and A.N. V. the United Kingdom: The E.Ct.H.R., Article 4 E.C.H.R. and the Non-Punishment Principle -- 7.3.2 The Prosecutor V. Dominic Ongwen: The I.C.C. Prosecution of a Former L.R.A. Child Soldier for Crimes Committed as an Adult Commander -- 7.4 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 8 Children as Informers and Denouncers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 From Fairy-Tale to Tragedy -- 8.3. Condemnatory Letters From Children -- 8.4 Child Informers: Not Always So Special -- 8.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 9 Afghanistan's Bacha Posh Girls: Unspoken Gender-Based Violence and Psychological Trauma Within the Broader Context of an Armed Conflict -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Afghanistan's Bacha Posh Girls -- 9.3 Bacha Posh Girls in the Broader Context of Children in Armed Conflicts -- 9.4 Gender-Based Violence and Psychological Trauma -- 9.5 Reflections On International Law -- 9.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Section III Imagining Children and Fights: Representation, Ethics, Aesthetics.10 Childhood, Victimhood, and Agency in Namina Forna's The Gilded Ones and Kim Nguyen's War Witch -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Child and Childhood -- 10.3 Victimhood -- 10.4 Agency -- 10.5 Child-Victim-Agent -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 11 Tools of War, Tools of State: Stories of the Child Combatant in Global North-South Relations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 (Re)Drawing the Limits of the World: Stories of the War and the Child -- 11.3 The Promises and Pitfalls of the Hyphen: The Stories of the Child-Soldier and of the Junior-Soldier -- 11.3.1 'Lost Childhood': Child-Soldiers as the 'Tools of War' -- 11.3.2 'Be the Best': British Junior-Soldiers as 'Tools of State' -- 11.4 Conclusion: Keeping the World Safe: Stories of Revulsion and Celebration -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 12 Children Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Rwanda: In Search of Recognition and Advocacy -- 12.1 Introduction: Genocide, Sexual Violence, and Children Born of Rape in Rwanda -- 12.2 Post-Genocide Rwanda -- 12.3 Perspectives of Youth Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Stigma, Rejection and Marginalisation -- 12.4 Victimhood, Recognition, Advocacy, and Implications -- 12.4.1 Advocating for Victim Status -- 12.4.2 Seeking Recognition and Voice: Challenges and Implications -- 12.5 Conclusion: The Complexity of Victimhood for Children Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Rwanda -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 13 Child Soldiers and the Right of Self-Defence -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Problem of Mass Violence -- 13.3 The Legal Context for Intervention in Mass Violence -- 13.4 Communities and Self-Defence -- 13.5 The Rights of Self-Defence in the Context of Mass Violence -- 13.6 Jewish Child Soldiers in the Holocaust -- 13.7 The Guatemalan Civil War -- 13.8 The Yazidi Genocide -- 13.9 Child Soldiers: The New Realism -- Notes -- Bibliography.Index.This multi-disciplinary volume provides an innovative approach to children and violence, looking beyond the existing literature that focuses on child soldiers in the 'Global South'.Bameka Christelle Molima1791397Barrett Jastine C1791398Kamara Mohamed1791399Hanson Karl1304075Drumbl Mark A604365MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQ9910985983903321Children and Violence4328770UNINA