08608nam 2200517 450 991083054560332120230603105046.01-119-87563-31-119-87561-7(MiAaPQ)EBC7217795(Au-PeEL)EBL7217795(OCoLC)1373984990(EXLCZ)992629114520004120230603d2023 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierModular multilevel converters control, fault detection, and protection /Fujin Deng, Chengkai Liu and Zhe ChenHoboken, New Jersey :John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[2023]©20231 online resource (371 pages)IEEE Press series on power and energy systemsPrint version: Deng, Fujin Modular Multilevel Converters Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2023 9781119875604 Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Modular Multilevel Converters -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 MMC Configuration -- 1.2.1 Converter Configuration -- 1.2.2 Submodule Configuration -- 1.3 Operation Principles -- 1.3.1 Submodule Normal Operation -- 1.3.2 Submodule Blocking Operation -- 1.3.3 Converter Operation -- 1.4 Modulation Scheme -- 1.4.1 Phase-Disposition PWM -- 1.4.2 Phase-Shifted PWM -- 1.4.3 Nearest Level Modulation -- 1.5 Mathematical Model -- 1.5.1 Submodule Mathematical Model -- 1.5.2 Arm Mathematical Model -- 1.5.3 Three-Phase MMC Mathematical Model -- 1.6 Design Constraints -- 1.6.1 Power Device Design -- 1.6.2 Capacitor Design -- 1.6.3 Arm Inductor Design -- 1.7 Faults Overview of MMCs -- 1.7.1 Internal Faults of MMCs -- 1.7.2 External Faults of MMCs -- 1.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Control of MMCs -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Overall Control of MMCs -- 2.3 Output Control of MMCs -- 2.3.1 Current Control -- 2.3.2 Power and DC-Link Voltage Control -- 2.3.3 Grid Forming Control -- 2.4 Centralized Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control -- 2.4.1 On-State SMs Number Based VBC -- 2.4.2 Balancing Adjusting Number Based VBC -- 2.4.3 IPSC-PWM Harmonic Current Based VBC -- 2.4.4 SHE-PWM Pulse Energy Sorting Based VBC -- 2.4.5 PSC-PWM Pulse Energy Sorting Based VBC -- 2.5 Individual Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control -- 2.5.1 Average and Balancing Control Based VBC -- 2.5.2 Reference Modulation Index Based VBC -- 2.5.3 Reference Phase Angle Based VBC -- 2.6 Circulating Current Control -- 2.6.1 Proportional Integration Control -- 2.6.2 Multiple Proportional Resonant Control -- 2.6.3 Repetitive Control -- 2.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Fault Detection of MMCs under IGBT Faults -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 IGBT Faults -- 3.2.1 IGBT Short-Circuit Fault.3.2.2 IGBT Open-Circuit Fault -- 3.3 Protection and Detection Under IGBT Short-Circuit Faults -- 3.3.1 SM Under IGBT Short-Circuit Fault -- 3.3.2 Protection and Detection Under IGBT Short-Circuit Fault -- 3.4 MMC Features Under IGBT Open-Circuit Faults -- 3.4.1 Faulty SM Features Under T1 Open-Circuit Fault -- 3.4.2 Faulty SM Features Under T2 Open-Circuit Fault -- 3.5 Kalman Filter Based Fault Detection Under IGBT Open-Circuit Faults -- 3.5.1 Kalman Filter Algorithm -- 3.5.2 Circulating Current Estimation -- 3.5.3 Faulty Phase Detection -- 3.5.4 Capacitor Voltage -- 3.5.5 Faulty SM Detection -- 3.6 Integrator Based Fault Detection Under IGBT Open-Circuit Faults -- 3.7 STW Based Fault Detection Under IGBT Open-Circuit Faults -- 3.7.1 MMC Data -- 3.7.2 Sliding-Time Windows -- 3.7.3 Feature of STW -- 3.7.4 Features Relationships Between Neighboring STWs -- 3.7.5 Features Extraction Algorithm -- 3.7.6 Energy Entropy Matrix -- 3.7.7 2D-CNN -- 3.7.8 Fault Detection Method -- 3.7.9 Selection of Sliding Interval -- 3.7.10 Analysis of Fault Localization Time -- 3.8 IF Based Fault Detection Under IGBT Open-Circuit Faults -- 3.8.1 IT for MMCs -- 3.8.2 SM Depth in IT -- 3.8.3 IF for MMCs -- 3.8.4 SM Average Depth in IF -- 3.8.5 IF Output -- 3.8.6 Fault Detection -- 3.8.7 Selection of mp -- 3.8.8 Selection of k -- 3.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Condition Monitoring and Control of MMCs Under Capacitor Faults -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Capacitor Equivalent Circuit in MMCs -- 4.3 Capacitor Parameter Characteristics in MMCs -- 4.3.1 Capacitor Current Characteristics -- 4.3.2 Capacitor Impedance Characteristics -- 4.3.3 Capacitor Voltage Characteristics -- 4.4 Capacitor Aging -- 4.5 Capacitance Monitoring -- 4.5.1 Capacitor Voltage and Current Based Monitoring Strategy -- 4.5.2 Arm Average Capacitance Based Monitoring Method.4.5.3 Reference SM based Monitoring Method -- 4.5.4 Sorting-Based Monitoring Strategy -- 4.5.5 Temperature Effect of Capacitance -- 4.6 ESR Monitoring -- 4.6.1 Direct ESR Monitoring Strategy -- 4.6.2 Sorting-Based ESR Monitoring Strategy -- 4.6.3 Temperature Effect of ESR -- 4.7 Capacitor Lifetime Monitoring -- 4.8 Arm Current Optimal Control Under Capacitor Aging -- 4.8.1 Equivalent Circuit of MMCs -- 4.8.2 Arm Current Characteristics -- 4.8.3 Arm Current Optimal Control -- 4.9 SM Power Losses Optimal Control Under Capacitor Aging -- 4.9.1 Equivalent SM Reference -- 4.9.2 SM Conduction Losses -- 4.9.3 SM Switching Losses -- 4.9.4 SM Power Losses Optimal Control -- 4.10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Fault-Tolerant Control of MMCs Under SM Faults -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 SM Protection Circuit -- 5.3 Redundant Submodules -- 5.4 Fault-Tolerant Scheme -- 5.4.1 Cold Reserve Mode -- 5.4.2 Spinning Reserve Mode-I -- 5.4.3 Spinning Reserve Mode-II -- 5.4.4 Spinning Reserve Mode-III -- 5.4.5 Comparison of Fault-Tolerant Schemes -- 5.5 Fundamental Circulating Current Elimination Based Tolerant Control -- 5.5.1 Equivalent Circuit of MMCs -- 5.5.2 Fundamental Circulating Current -- 5.5.3 Fundamental Circulating Current Elimination Control -- 5.5.4 Control Analysis -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Control of MMCs Under AC Grid Faults -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mathematical Model of MMCs under AC Grid Faults -- 6.2.1 AC-Side Mathematical Model -- 6.2.2 Instantaneous Power Mathematical Model -- 6.3 AC-Side Current Control of MMCs under AC Grid Faults -- 6.3.1 Positive- and Negative-Sequence Current Control -- 6.3.2 Zero-Sequence Current Control -- 6.3.3 Proportional Resonant Based Current Control -- 6.4 Circulating Current Suppression Control of MMCs under AC Grid Faults -- 6.4.1 Circulating Current of MMCs Under AC Grid Faults.6.4.2 Single-Phase Vector Based Control -- 6.4.3 0 Stationary Frame Based Control -- 6.4.4 Three-Phase Stationary Frame Based Control -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Protection Under DC Short-Circuit Fault in HVDC System -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 MMC Under DC Short-Circuit Fault -- 7.2.1 System Configuration -- 7.2.2 AC Circuit Breaker -- 7.2.3 Protection Thyristor -- 7.2.4 Protection Operation -- 7.3 DC Circuit Breaker Based Protection -- 7.3.1 Mechanical Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.2 Semiconductor Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.3 Hybrid Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4 Multiterminal Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.5 Superconducting Fault Current Limiter -- 7.3.6 SFCL-Based Circuit Breaker -- 7.4 Fault Blocking Converter Based Protection -- 7.4.1 FB SM and HB SM Based Hybrid MMC -- 7.4.2 Fault Blocking Control -- 7.4.3 FB SM Ratio -- 7.4.4 Alternative Fault Blocking SMs -- 7.5 Bypass Thyristor MMC Based Protection -- 7.5.1 Bypass Thyristor MMC Configuration -- 7.5.2 SM Control -- 7.5.3 Current Interruption Control -- 7.5.4 Protection Operation -- 7.6 CTB-HMMC Based Protection -- 7.6.1 CTB-HMMC Configuration -- 7.6.2 SM Operation Principle -- 7.6.3 Operation Principle for DC Fault Protection -- 7.6.4 DC-Side Current Interruption Operation -- 7.6.5 Capacitor Voltage Increment -- 7.6.6 AC-Side Current Interruption Operation -- 7.6.7 MMC Comparison -- 7.7 Summary -- References -- Index -- EULA.IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems SeriesElectric current convertersModularity (Engineering)Electric current converters.Modularity (Engineering)621.3815322Deng Fujin1634588Liu ChengkaiChen ZheMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910830545603321Modular multilevel converters3974877UNINA03801nam 22007455 450 991098338510332120250205115236.09783031834226303183422410.1007/978-3-031-83422-6(MiAaPQ)EBC31897884(Au-PeEL)EBL31897884(CKB)37465302200041(DE-He213)978-3-031-83422-6(OCoLC)1500772645(EXLCZ)993746530220004120250205d2025 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierCrack and Culture: On Representations of Movement in Anthropology and Philosophy /by Andrzej Zaporowski1st ed. 2025.Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :Imprint: Springer,2025.1 online resource (149 pages)SpringerBriefs in Philosophy,2211-45569783031834219 3031834216 Introduction -- Tools -- The Human Sciences -- Change -- Cracks -- Culture -- Proposal -- Conclusion.This book analyzes the representations of movement that reflects time. The author scrutinizes movement critically assuming that (1) movement is composed of change, (2) a change may be a crack, (3) the crack demonstrates a disturbance in the experienced movement, and (4) it is culture that is a remedy to the crisis caused by this disturbance. It is shown that artistic sensitivity allows for the detection of various cracks, and it is, among other examples, religious mythology and scientific narratives where one finds a multiplicity of representations to manage the consequences of this detection. Zaporowski sees these tools as purposefully constructed to respond to the human experience of discontinuity in the world and proposes to frame time cyclically while – critically – paying attention to the cracks as significant indicators that force one to amend one’s conduct in an ordered fashion. He appeals to the notion of culture, which allows one to manage the cracked nature of movement. Culture conditions one’s purposeful and ordered actions, and is subject to possible reconfigurations through a series of interactions. It allows for foreseeable conduct while at the same time being aware of possible and irreversible changes. This volume appeals to researchers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students in philosophy and anthropology.SpringerBriefs in Philosophy,2211-4556Philosophy and social sciencesAnthropologySciencePhilosophyPhilosophical anthropologySocial sciencesPhilosophyAnalysis (Philosophy)Philosophy of the Social SciencesAnthropologyPhilosophy of SciencePhilosophy of AnthropologySocial TheoryAnalytic PhilosophyPhilosophy and social sciences.Anthropology.SciencePhilosophy.Philosophical anthropology.Social sciencesPhilosophy.Analysis (Philosophy)Philosophy of the Social Sciences.Anthropology.Philosophy of Science.Philosophy of Anthropology.Social Theory.Analytic Philosophy.300.1Zaporowski Andrzej1784399MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910983385103321Crack and Culture: On Representations of Movement in Anthropology and Philosophy4335299UNINA