11765oam 22005293 450 991097524920332120250616173933.097816844706241684470625(CKB)4940000000159965(MiAaPQ)EBC5993933(EXLCZ)99494000000015996520231211d2019 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierHow to Use Evidence-Based Dental Practices to Improve Clinical Decision-Making1st ed.Chicago :American Dental Association,2019.©2020.1 online resource (363 pages)9781684470617 1684470617 Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- How to Use This Book -- Chapter 1. Understanding and Applying the Principles of Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) -- Introduction -- Definition and Principles of EBD -- The Process of EBD -- Chapter 2. Searching for the Best Oral Health Evidence: Strategies, Tips, and Resources -- Introduction -- General Tips for Searching Electronic Resources -- Searching Workflow -- Resources -- Comprehensive Resources -- Epistemonikos -- Trip -- Summaries and Guidelines: Point-of-Care Resources -- UpToDate -- ClinicalKey -- Lexicomp -- ECRI Guidelines Trust -- ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry -- Preappraised Resources -- Cochrane Library -- Journals -- Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) -- Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice (JEBDP) -- The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) -- Nonpreappraised Resources -- PubMed -- MEDLINE -- Embase -- Web of Science/Scopus -- Google and Google Scholar -- Citation Managers -- Gray Literature -- Patient Information Resources -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3. How to Appraise and Use an Article about Therapy -- Introduction -- Clinical Questions of Therapy -- What Study Design Best Addresses Questions of Therapy? -- Critically Appraising an RCT to Inform Clinical Decisions -- How Serious Is the Risk of Bias? -- Did the intervention and control groups start with the same prognosis? -- Was prognostic balance maintained as the study progressed? -- Were the groups prognostically balanced at the completion of the study? -- What Are the Results? -- How large was the treatment effect? -- How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect? -- How Can I Apply the Results to Patient Care? -- Were the study patients similar to my patients? -- Were all patient-important outcomes considered? -- Are the likely treatment benefits worth the potential harms and costs?.Conclusion -- Chapter 4. How to Use an Article about Harm -- Introduction -- Clinical Questions of Harm -- What Study Design Best Addresses Questions of Harm? -- Critically Appraising Observational Studies to Inform Clinical Decisions -- How Serious Is the Risk of Bias? -- Are exposed and unexposed study participants sufficiently similar? -- Is information collected in the same way in exposed and unexposed study participants? -- What Are the Results? -- How strong is the association between exposure and outcome? -- How precise was the estimate of the risk? -- How Can I Apply the Results to Patient Care? -- Were the study patients similar to the patients in my practice? -- Was the follow-up sufficiently long? -- Is the exposure similar to what might occur in my patient? -- Are there any benefits that offset the risks associated with the exposure? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5. How to Appraise and Use an Article about Diagnosis -- Introduction -- Clinical Questions of Diagnosis -- What Study Design Best Addresses Questions About Diagnosis? -- Critically Appraising a Study Assessing the Properties of a Diagnostic Test to Inform Clinical Decisions -- How Serious Is the Risk of Bias? -- Did participating patients present a diagnostic dilemma? -- Did investigators compare the test with an appropriate, independent reference standard? -- Were the investigators who interpreted the test and reference standard blinded to the other results? -- Did investigators apply the same reference standard to all patients regardless of the results of the test under investigation? -- What Are the Results? -- How Can I Apply the Results to Patient Care? -- Will the reproducibility of the test results and its interpretation be satisfactory in my clinical setting? -- Are the study results applicable to the patients in my practice?.Will the test results change my management strategy? -- Will patients be better off as a result of the test? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6. How to Use a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis -- Introduction -- Knowledge Synthesis and Translation -- What Is the Difference Between Narrative and Systematic Reviews? -- Why Are Systematic Reviews Considered to Be a Study Design? -- Critically Appraising Systematic Reviews to Inform Clinical Decisions -- How Serious Is the Risk of Bias? -- Did the review present explicit and appropriate eligibility criteria? -- Was the search for relevant studies exhaustive? -- Did the primary studies have a low risk of bias? -- Were the selection and assessment of primary studies reproducible? -- What Are the Results? -- Were the results similar from study to study? -- What are the overall results of the review? -- Anatomy of a Meta-Analysis -- How precise were the results? -- What is the overall quality of the evidence (also known as confidence in the estimate of effect)? -- How Can I Apply the Results to Patient Care? -- Were all patient-important outcomes considered? -- Are the likely treatment benefits worth the potential harms and costs? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7. How to Use Patient Management Recommendations from Clinical Practice Guidelines -- Introduction -- Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines -- Structured Process of Developing Management Recommendations -- Where to Find Clinical Practice Guidelines -- Critically Appraising Patient Management Recommendations -- Are the Recommendations Clear and Comprehensive? -- Is the recommended intervention clear and actionable? -- Is the alternative clear? -- Were all the relevant outcomes important to patients explicitly considered? -- Was the Recommendation Made on the Basis of the Best Current Evidence?.Are Values and Preferences Associated with the Outcomes Appropriately Specified? -- Do the Authors Indicate the Strength of Their Recommendations? -- Is the Evidence Supporting the Recommendation Easily Understood? -- For strong recommendations, is the strength appropriate? -- For weak recommendations, does the information provided facilitate shared decision-making? -- Was the Influence of Conflicts of Interest Minimized? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8. How to Appraise an Article Based on a Qualitative Study -- Introduction -- When Is Qualitative Research Relevant? -- Where to Find Qualitative Studies -- Critically Appraising Qualitative Research to Inform Clinical Decisions -- Are the Results Credible? -- Was the Choice of Participants or Observations Explicit and Comprehensive? -- Was Research Ethics Approval Obtained? -- Was Data Collection Sufficiently Comprehensive and Detailed? -- Were the Data Analyzed Appropriately, and Were the Findings Corroborated Adequately? -- What Are the Results ? -- How Can I Apply the Results to Patient Care? -- Does the Study Offer Helpful Theory? -- Does the Study Help Me Understand the Context of My Practice? -- Does the Study Help Me Understand Social Interactions in Clinical Care? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9. How to Appraise and Use an Article about Economic Analysis -- Introduction -- Why Economic Analysis in Dentistry? -- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- Cost-Utility Analysis -- Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Trial-Based versus Decision Model-Based Economic Analyses -- Critically Appraising an Economic Analysis to Inform Clinical Decisions -- How Serious Is the Risk of Bias? -- Are results reported separately for relevant patient subgroups? -- Were consequences and costs measured accurately? -- Did investigators consider the timing of costs and consequences? -- What Are the Results?.What were the incremental costs and effects of each strategy? -- Do incremental costs and effects differ between subgroups? -- How much does allowing for uncertainty change the results? -- How Can I Apply the Results to My Patient Care? -- Are the viewpoints and setting used in the study relevant to my context? -- Are the treatment benefits worth the risks and costs? -- Can I expect similar costs in my setting? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 10. How to Avoid Being Misled by Clinical Studies' Results in Dentistry -- Introduction -- Guidance on How to Avoid Being Misled by the Results of Clinical Studies -- 1. Read only the methods and results sections -- disregard the inferences -- 2. Read synoptic abstracts published in secondary publications (preappraised resources) for evidence-based dentistry -- 3. Beware of large treatment effects presented in trials with few events -- 4. Beware of statements of statistical significance that claim clinical significance -- 5. Beware of differences that are not statistically significant being interpreted as equivalence -- 6. Beware of uneven emphasis on benefits and harms -- 7. Beware of misleading subgroup analyses -- Conclusion -- Chapter 11. What Is the Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance? -- Introduction -- Statistical Significance -- Type I Error -- Type II Error -- Study Power -- Issues Pertaining to Statistical Significance -- Clinical Significance -- Minimal Important Difference (MID) -- Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) -- Surrogate Outcomes -- Interpreting Research Findings -- Confidence Intervals (CIs) -- CIs and MID -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Chapter 12. A Primer to Biostatistics for Busy Clinicians -- Introduction -- Research Design and Clinical Interpretation -- Experimental Trial -- Observational Studies -- Measures of Association -- Mean Difference.Standard Mean Difference.This book is a one-stop resource for learning how to harness the power of the latest scientific information and optimize patient care. How to Use Evidence-Based Dental Practices to Improve Your Clinical Decision-Making is the definitive resource for dental students and practitioners who want to learn from leaders in the field of evidence-based dentistry (EBD); quickly conduct searches for the latest research; master the skill of critically appraising clinical studies; confidently apply the latest research to patient care; teach others how to inform their practice with the latest clinical evidence; and access everything they need to become an EBD all-star. The ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry oversaw the development of this publication. Dental teams and educators alike will find it a useful resource for incorporating the most up-to-date scientific evidence in clinical decisions and instilling others with the curious mindset needed to provide evidence-based health care. Includes link to e-book.Evidence-Based Dentistry(DNLM)D055094)Evidence-Based Dentistry.Association American Dental818210Carrasco-Labro Alonso1790875Brignardello-Petersen Romina1790876Glick Michael1790877Azarpazhooh Amir1825835Guyatt Gordon1790879MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910975249203321How to Use Evidence-Based Dental Practices to Improve Clinical Decision-Making4393745UNINA06242nam 22006615 450 991097487960332120250801074800.03-642-80233-810.1007/978-3-642-80233-1(CKB)3400000000108507(SSID)ssj0000806026(PQKBManifestationID)12365405(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000806026(PQKBWorkID)10747963(PQKB)11291956(DE-He213)978-3-642-80233-1(MiAaPQ)EBC3096364(EXLCZ)99340000000010850720121227d1996 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtccrElectronic Distance Measurement An Introduction /by Jean M. Rüeger4th ed. 1996.Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :Imprint: Springer,1996.1 online resource (XIX, 276 p.) "With 56 Figures and 18 Tables."3-540-61159-2 Includes bibliographical references and index.1 History -- 2 Physical Laws and Units Related to EDM -- 2.1 Definitions -- 2.2 Frequency Spectrum -- 2.3 Velocity of Light in a Vacuum -- 2.4 Units and Their Definitions -- 3 Principles and Applications of EDM -- 3.1 Pulse Method -- 3.2 Phase Difference Method -- 3.3 Doppler Methods -- 3.4 Interferometry -- 4 Basic Working Principles of Electronic Distance Meters -- 4.1 Electro-Optical Instruments -- 4.2 Microwave Instruments -- 5 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Through the Atmosphere -- 5.1 Atmospheric Transmittance -- 5.2 Range of EDM Instruments -- 5.3 Phase Refractive Index -- 5.4 Group Refractive Index of Light and NIR Waves for Standard Conditions -- 5.5 Group Refractive Index of Light and NIR Waves at Ambient Conditions -- 5.6 Refractive Index of Microwaves -- 5.7 Coefficient of Refraction -- 5.8 Measurement of Atmospheric Parameters -- 5.9 Determination of the Refractive Index -- 6 Velocity Corrections to Measured Distances -- 6.1 Reference Refractive Index -- 6.2 First Velocity Correction -- 6.3 Real-Time Application of First Velocity Correction by EDM Instrument -- 6.4 Second Velocity Correction -- 6.5 Refined Method of Reduction of Measured Distance to Wave Path Chord -- 7 Geometrical Corrections -- 7.1 Reduction to the Spheroid Using Station Heights -- 7.2 Reduction to the Spheroid, Using Measured Zenith Angles -- 8 Miscellaneous Corrections, Computations and Numerical Examples -- 8.1 Correction of Measured Distance to Zenith Angle Ray Path -- 8.2 Eye-to-Object Corrections for Zenith Angles and Distances -- 8.3 Height Difference from Measured Zenith Angle(s) and Slope Distance -- 8.4 Determination of the Coefficient of Refraction from Reciprocal Zenith Angle Measurements -- 8.5 Reduction to Centre of Distances -- 8.6 Numerical Examples -- 9 Electro-Optical Distance Meters -- 9.1 Classification of Electro-Optical Distance Meters -- 9.2 Design of Some Electro-Optical Distance Meters -- 10 Reflectors -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Glass Prism Reflectors -- 11 Batteries and Other Power Sources -- 11.1 Review of Power Sources -- 11.2 Batteries Used in EDM -- 11.3 Sealed Nickel-Cadmium Batteries -- 12 Errors of Electro-Optical Distance Meters -- 12.1 Additive Constant -- 12.2 Short Periodic Errors -- 12.3 Scale Errors -- 12.4 Non-Linear Distance-Dependent Errors -- 12.5 Summary and Mathematical Model of Errors -- 13 Calibration of Electro-Optical Distance Meters -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Calibration on EDM Baselines -- 13.3 Calibration on Cyclic Error Testlines -- 13.4 Calibration of Modulation Frequency -- 13.5 Accuracy Specifications of EDM Instruments -- Appendices -- A. First Velocity Correction for Precise Electro-Optical Distance Measurement -- B. Tables of Saturation Water Vapour Pressures -- C. Parameters of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere -- D. Data of a Selection of Electro-Optical Distance Meters as Required for the Derivation of the First Velocity Correction and for Calibration Purposes -- E. Technical Data of a Selection of Short Range Distance Meters -- F. Technical Data of a Selection of Pulse Distance Meters -- G. Technical Data of a Selection of Long Range Distance Meters -- H. Critical Dimensions of a Selection of Reflectors -- References.Electronic Distance Measurement This text gives an up-to-date introduction into electronic distance measurement (EDM) with a comprehensive review of modern equipment and procedures. It is excellently suited as a text for undergraduate and graduate students and an invaluable reference for practicing surveyors, geodesists and other scientists using EDM as a measuring tool. This fourth edition of a text first published in Sydney in 1978 is based on Rüeger's teaching experience at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Introductory chapters provide an overview of relevant laws of physics and basic principles of different types of EDM instruments. The following chapters examine velocity corrections, derive geometrical reductions from first principles and explain the design of state-of-the-art electro-optical distance meters. The final chapters introduce reflectors, power sources and instrument errors, and conclude with measurement and analysis procedures for the calibration of distance meters.GeophysicsGeographic information systemsCondensed matterSpectrum analysisGeophysicsGeographical Information SystemCondensed Matter PhysicsSpectroscopyGeophysics.Geographic information systems.Condensed matter.Spectrum analysis.Geophysics.Geographical Information System.Condensed Matter Physics.Spectroscopy.526/.028Rüeger Jean Mauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut632504MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910974879603321Electronic distance measurement33328UNINA00996nam0 22002651i 450 UON0008095820231205102428.58820020107d1954 |0itac50 baamhET|||| |||||Yahasab TararaYamana Brehan GetanahAddis AbabaTensae Zagubae195448 p.17 cm*Data e prezzo inesattiIT-UONSI ETVIIH a/150*Letteratura amaricaTestiUONC020665FIAddis AbabaUONL001816YAMANA Brehan GetanahUONV053285661621Tensa'e Zagubae Matamiya BetUONV257232650ITSOL20251128RICASIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEOUONSIUON00080958SIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEOSI VII H a 150* SI MR 78428 5 150* *Data e prezzo inesattiYahasab Tarara1300333UNIOR