03582nam 2200709 a 450 991097499060332120240515221517.09781607322085160732208097814571741001457174103(CKB)2670000000319846(EBL)3039783(SSID)ssj0000803516(PQKBManifestationID)11484509(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000803516(PQKBWorkID)10810755(PQKB)11079618(OCoLC)847550225(MdBmJHUP)muse18751(Au-PeEL)EBL3039783(CaPaEBR)ebr10642010(CaONFJC)MIL913684(MiAaPQ)EBC3039783(DE-B1597)716415(DE-B1597)9781607322085(Perlego)2031506(EXLCZ)99267000000031984620121109d2013 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrCooperation & collective action archaeological perspectives /edited by David M. Carballo1st ed.Boulder, Colo. University Press of Colorado20131 online resource (332 p.)Description based upon print version of record.9781607321972 1607321971 Includes bibliographical references and index.pt. I. Theoretical perspectives -- pt. II. Case studies."Past archaeological literature on cooperation theory has emphasized competition's role in cultural evolution. As a result, bottom-up possibilities for group cooperation have been under-theorized in favor of models stressing top-down leadership, and evidence from a range of disciplines has demonstrated that humans effectively sustain cooperative undertakings through a number of social norms and institutions. Cooperation and Collective Action is the first volume to focus on the use of archaeological evidence to understand cooperation and collective action. Disentangling the motivations and institutions that foster group cooperation among competitive individuals remains a great conundrum in evolutionary theory. The breadth and material focus of archaeology provide a much-needed complement to existing research on cooperation and collective action, which thus far has relied largely on game-theoretic modeling, surveys of college students from affluent countries, brief ethnographic experiments, and limited historic cases. In Cooperation and Collective Action, diverse case studies address the evolution of the emergence of norms, institutions, and symbols in complex societies over the last 10,000 years. This book is an important contribution to the literature on cooperation in human societies and will appeal to archaeologists and other scholars interested in cooperation research"--Provided by publisher.Commerce, PrehistoricCommerce, PrehistoricCross-cultural studiesEconomic anthropologyEconomic anthropologyCross-cultural studiesCommerce, Prehistoric.Commerce, PrehistoricEconomic anthropology.Economic anthropology306.3SOC003000SCI003000bisacshCarballo David M1800199MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910974990603321Cooperation & collective action4344846UNINA05950nam 2200721 a 450 991096192550332120251116140428.09786610211685978128021168312802116879780309583480030958348997805851554630585155461(CKB)110986584751086(OCoLC)559501429(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055008(SSID)ssj0000157668(PQKBManifestationID)11182717(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000157668(PQKBWorkID)10138924(PQKB)11427086(MiAaPQ)EBC3376016(Au-PeEL)EBL3376016(CaPaEBR)ebr10055008(OCoLC)923260136(Perlego)4736252(BIP)593580(EXLCZ)9911098658475108619910429d1991 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrFour-dimensional model assimilation of data a strategy for the earth system sciences /Panel on Model-Assimilated Data Sets for Atmospheric and Oceanic Research, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19911 online resource (88 p.) Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph9780309045360 0309045363 Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-75).Four-Dimensional Model Assimilation of Data: A Strategy for the Earth System Sciences -- Copyright -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- CONCEPT OF GEOPHYSICAL MODEL DATA ASSIMILATION -- ASSESSMENT OF DATA ASSIMILATION IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES -- DATA ASSIMILATION VIEWED AS PART OF A SYSTEMATIC LEARNING PROCESS -- CURRENT STATUS OF DATA ASSIMILATION -- APPLICABILITY OF DATA ASSIMILATION TO THE EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES -- 2 Data Assimilation Development -- INTRODUCTION -- PRINCIPLES AND METHODS -- CONTINUOUS DATA INSERTION -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN DATA ASSIMILATION: THE KALMAN FILTERAND ADJOINT METHODS -- 3 Current and Future Applications of Model Assimilation Systems -- GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION -- MESOSCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONS -- PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY -- HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE -- Atmospheric Subsystem -- Land Surface Subsystem -- Ocean Surface Subsystem -- GLOBAL PRECIPITATION -- LARGE-SCALE FIELD EXPERIMENTS AND BIOSPHERIC STUDIES -- ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY -- EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM -- USE OF MODEL-ASSIMILATED DATA SETS FOR RESEARCH -- 4 Needs for the Future for Model-Assimilated Data Sets -- RESEARCH PROBLEMS -- Synotic Systems -- Planetary Waves -- Low-Frequency Variability -- Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions -- Atmosphere-Land Interactions -- Dynamics-Chemistry-Radiation Interactions -- Hydrology -- DATASETS NEEDS BY TIME SCALES -- 0 to 3 Days -- 3 to 10 Days -- 10 to 100 Days -- 100 to 1000 Days -- 1000+ Days -- REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA AND COVERAGE -- General Principles -- General Specifications -- 5 Quality Control and Validation of Observations, Analyses, and Models -- DATA MONITORING -- EPISODIC MODEL REJECTION OF DATA -- VALIDATION OF REMOTELY SENSED EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM DATA -- VALIDATION OF MODEL-ASSIMILATED ANALYSES -- VALIDATION OF FORECAST MODELS.6 Status of Data Archives, Access, and Future Directions -- AVAILABLE ANALYSES AND OBSERVATIONS -- Atmospheric Analyses -- Ocean Analyses -- Hydrological Analyses -- Paleoclimate Reconstructions -- Surface Observations (Meteorology, Hydrology, Oceanography) -- Upper-Air Data (Meteorology) -- RESOURCES NEEDED FOR ARCHIVING MODEL-ASSIMILATED DATA SETS -- Resources Needed to Prepare Older Observed Data -- ARCHIVE METHODS AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- Access to Model Data and Observations -- Locate More Data at the Scientist's Site -- Software for Data Display and Manipulation -- National Weather Service Modernization Program -- Advances in Computer Technology -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- List of Acronyms.This volume explores and evaluates the development, multiple applications, and usefulness of four-dimensional (space and time) model assimilations of data in the atmospheric and oceanographic sciences and projects their applicability to the earth sciences as a whole. Using the predictive power of geophysical laws incorporated in the general circulation model to produce a background field for comparison with incoming raw observations, the model assimilation process synthesizes diverse, temporarily inconsistent, and spatially incomplete observations from worldwide land, sea, and space data acquisition systems into a coherent representation of an evolving earth system. The book concludes that this subdiscipline is fundamental to the geophysical sciences and presents a basic strategy to extend the application of this subdiscipline to the earth sciences as a whole. Atmospheric modelsNumerical weather forecastingUnited StatesAtmospheric circulationComputer simulationOcean circulationComputer simulationAtmospheric models.Numerical weather forecastingAtmospheric circulationComputer simulation.Ocean circulationComputer simulation.551.011National Research Council (U.S.).Panel on Model-Assimilated Data Sets for Atmospheric and Oceanic Research.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910961925503321Four-dimensional model assimilation of data4366834UNINA