09021nam 2200661Ia 450 991097421410332120251116221033.01-61122-451-9(CKB)2560000000067718(EBL)3018792(SSID)ssj0000416760(PQKBManifestationID)12139290(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000416760(PQKBWorkID)10436460(PQKB)10668778(MiAaPQ)EBC3018792(Au-PeEL)EBL3018792(CaPaEBR)ebr10661731(OCoLC)669497511(BIP)27670333(EXLCZ)99256000000006771820090925d2010 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrEmployment effects of transition to a hydrogen economy in the U.S. /Michele Auriemma, editor1st ed.New York Nova Science Publishersc20101 online resource (221 p.)Energy policies, politics and pricesDescription based upon print version of record.1-60741-808-8 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF TRANSITION TO A HYDROGEN ECONOMY IN THE U.S. -- EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF TRANSITION TO A HYDROGEN ECONOMY IN THE U.S. -- CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY* -- E.1. Background to the Study -- E.2. Methodology -- E.3. Scenarios Shaping Future Hydrogen Markets -- E.4. Employment Creation and Replacement at the National Level -- E.5. Regional Variations in Economic Impacts -- E.6. International Competition -- Recommendations -- 1. Training programs -- 2. Additional analysis -- End Notes -- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 SCENARIOS SHAPING A HYDROGEN ECONOMY -- 2.1. Base Case -- 2.2. Hydrogen Use in the HFI Scenario -- 2.3. Hydrogen Use in the Less Aggressive Scenario -- 2.4. Hydrogen Vehicles -- 2.4.1. Hydrogen Vehicles in the HFI Scenario -- 2.4.2. Hydrogen Vehicles in the Less Aggressive Scenario -- 2.5. Other Transportation Markets -- 2.6. Stationary Fuel Cells -- 2.6.1. Stationary Fuel Cells in the HFI Scenario -- 2.6.2. Stationary Fuel Cells in the Less Aggressive Scenario -- 2.7. Hydrogen Production and Delivery in the Two Hydrogen Adoption Scenarios -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 EMPLOYMENT CREATION AND REPLACEMENT AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL -- 3.1. Modeling the U.S. Economy -- 3.1.1. The IMPLAN Inter-Industry Model -- 3.1.2. Future of the U.S. Economy in the Absence of a Hydrogen Transformation -- 3.1.3. Modification of IMPLAN for Hydrogen Economy Scenarios -- 3.2. Net Effects on Total U.S. Employment -- 3.3. Job Creation and Replacement -- 3.3.1. Employment Shifts between Gaining and Losing Industries -- 3.3.2. Job Creation and Replacement within Key Industries -- 3.4. Education, Training, and Re-Training -- 3.4.1. Human Capital in the Hydrogen Market Expansion -- 3.4.2. White Collar Workers -- 3.4.3. Blue Collar Workers -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 REGIONAL VARIATION IN ECONOMIC IMPACTS.4.1. Characteristics of Selected Regions -- 4.2. Impacts of Hydrogen Transformation in the Five Regions Under the HFI Scenario -- 4.2.1. Overview -- 4.2.2. The Upper Midwest Region -- 4.2.3. The Lower New England and Upper Mid-Atlantic Region -- 4.2.4. California -- 4.2.5. Tennessee -- 4.2.6. Houston -- Chapter 5 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION -- 5.1. U.S. Share of Hydrogen-Related Products -- 5.1.1. Vehicles and Vehicle Parts -- 5.2. Hydrogen Infrastructure -- 5.2.1. Infrastructure Construction -- 5.2.2. Infrastructure Components -- 5.3. Energy Imports -- 5.3.1. Oil -- 5.3.2. Natural Gas -- 5.4. Multinational Corporations -- 5.4.1. Future Hydrogen Production by Multinationals -- 5.4.2. Regional Implications -- 5.5. Indirect International Effects on the U.S. Economy -- 5.5.1. Effects on the Trade Balance and Exports -- 5.5.2. Effects on the World Capital Market and Interest Rates -- End Notes -- Chapter 6 CONCLUSION -- Recommendations -- 1. Training programs -- 2. Additional analysis -- APPENDICES -- APPENDIX 1. DETAILS OF THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY SCENARIOS -- A.1.1. Vision Model -- A.1.2. Hydrogen Production Technologies -- A.1.3. Hydrogen Delivery Technologies -- A.1.4. Feedstock and Resources -- A.1.4.1. Coal -- A.1.4.2. Natural Gas -- A.1.4.3. Biomass -- A.1.4.4. Uranium and Water -- A.1.4.5. Wind -- A.1.5. Stationary Fuel Cells -- End Notes -- APPENDIX 2. INFRASTRUCTURE COST ESTIMATION -- A.2.1. H2A Models -- A.2.1.1. H2A Production and Forecourt Models -- A.2.1.2. H2A Delivery Model -- A.2.2. Cost Estimation -- A.2.2.1. Development of Unit Cost Data -- A.2.2.2. Regrouping Production and Delivery Components -- A.2.2.3. Aggregation of Unit Costs -- A.2.2.4. Estimating Total Demand from Hydrogen Production and Delivery -- A.2.3. Total U.S. Infrastructure Cost Details -- End Notes -- APPENDIX 3. VEHICLE COST ESTIMATES.A.3.1. Powertrain Technology Options -- A.3.2. Fuel Cell System Technology Description -- A.3.3. 2005 Baseline Fuel Cell System Cost Analysis -- A.3.4. 2006 Employment Study Inputs -- A.3.5. Sub-System Costs -- A.3.5.1. Fuel Cell Sub-system -- A.3.5.1.1. Stack Cost -- A.3.5.1.2. Stack Materials and Cost -- A.3.5.1.3. Platinum Recycling -- A.3.5.2. Hydrogen Storage Sub-system -- A.3.5.2.1. Hydrogen Storage Material and Cost -- A.3.5.3. Hybrid Battery Sub-system -- A.3.6. Overall Vehicle Cost -- End Notes -- APPENDIX 4. INPUT-OUTPUT MODELING OF THE EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS OF THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY -- A.4.1. The Use of Input-Output Analysis -- A.4.2. Description of the IMPLAN Model -- A.4.3. Description of the Input/Output Modeling Process -- A.4.3.1. Overview of the Process -- A.4.3.2. Baseline Model (Maintain status quo structural matrix through 2050) -- A.4.3.3. Baseline Employment Model (Includes Productivity Improvement through 2050) -- A.4.3.4. Hydrogen Technology Structural Models -- A.4.3.5. Hydrogen Technology Demand -- A.4.3.6. Output and Employment Impacts -- A.4.4. Forecasting the Base Case Model -- A.4.5. Industry Distribution of Vehicle Costs -- A.4.6. Overview of Adjusted Input and Construction Vectors -- A.4.6.1. Automobile and Light Truck Manufacturing (IMPLAN Sector #344) -- A.4.6.2. Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing (IMPLAN Sector #350) -- A.4.6.3. Industrial Gas Manufacturing (IMPLAN Sector #148) -- A.4.6.4. Gasoline Stations (IMPLAN Sector #407) -- A.4.6.5. Petroleum Refineries (IMPLAN Sector #142) -- A.4.6.6. Power Generation and Supply (IMPLAN Sector #30) -- A.4.6.7. Wholesale Trade (IMPLAN Sector #391) -- A.4.6.8. Truck Transportation (IMPLAN Sector #394) -- A.4.6.9. Pipeline Transportation (IMPLAN Sector #396) -- A.4.6.10. Other Industries -- A.4.7. Development of Hydrogen Technology Production Function Vectors5.A.4.7.1. Hydrogen-Powered Motor Vehicles -- A.4.7.2. Hydrogen Production Industries -- A.4.8. Development of Investment Estimates -- A.4.8.1. Hydrogen Production and Delivery Infrastructure -- A.4.8.2. Gasoline Stations -- A.4.8.3. Petroleum Refineries -- A.4.8.4. Vehicle and Vehicle Components Factories -- A.4.8.5. The Oil and Gas Sector -- A.4.8.6. Coal Mining -- A.4.8.7. Stationary Fuel Cells -- A.4.8.8. Avoided Utility Investment -- A.4.8.9. Overall Investment -- End Notes -- APPENDIX 5. METHODOLOGY FOR EMPLOYMENT CREATION AND REPLACEMENT ESTIMATES -- A.5.1. Calculation of Total Sector Level Gains and Losses -- A.5.2. Sources of Employment Data at the Occupational Level -- A.5.3. Summary of the Calculation and Consistency Requirements -- A.5.4. Raw Creation and Replacement Estimates -- A.5.5. Data Adjustment -- A.5.6. Splitting up Occupations by Skill -- A.5.7. Calculating Percent Distributions -- A.5.8. Taking Weighted Averages -- A.5.9. Calculating Numbers of Workers -- A.5.10. Job Creation and Replacement by Scenario and Year -- A.5.11. Obtaining Totals for White Collar and Blue Collar Workers -- A.5.12. Sources of Data and Estimates Related to Retraining Analysis -- End Notes -- INDEX.This volume identifies possible employment impacts that could result from hydrogen market expansion in the transportation, stationary and portable power sectors.Energy Policies, Politics and PricesClean energy industriesEconomic aspectsUnited StatesHydrogen as fuelEconomic aspectsUnited StatesEmployment forecastingUnited StatesLabor marketUnited StatesClean energy industriesEconomic aspectsHydrogen as fuelEconomic aspectsEmployment forecastingLabor market331.7/65810973Auriemma Michele1864799MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910974214103321Employment effects of transition to a hydrogen economy in the U.S4471735UNINA