04425nam 2201105Ia 450 991078528500332120230207213752.00-8147-5907-60-8147-5867-310.18574/9780814759073(CKB)2670000000042031(EBL)865680(OCoLC)779828184(SSID)ssj0000431145(PQKBManifestationID)11293746(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000431145(PQKBWorkID)10456799(PQKB)11334783(StDuBDS)EDZ0001325793(MiAaPQ)EBC865680(OCoLC)662459846(MdBmJHUP)muse4830(DE-B1597)547267(DE-B1597)9780814759073(Au-PeEL)EBL865680(CaPaEBR)ebr10409385(EXLCZ)99267000000004203120100114d2010 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierWhy girls fight[electronic resource] female youth violence in the inner city /Cindy D. NessNew York New York University Pressc20101 online resource (xiii, 185 pages)Description based upon print version of record.0-8147-5841-X 0-8147-5840-1 Includes bibliographical references and index.The City of Philadelphia and Female Youth Violence --Girls’ Violent Behavior as Viewed from the Streets --The Reasons Girls Give for Fighting --Mothers, Daughters, and the Double-Generation Dynamic --Culture and Neighborhood Institutions.In low-income U.S. cities, street fights between teenage girls are common. These fights take place at school, on street corners, or in parks, when one girl provokes another to the point that she must either “step up” or be labeled a “punk.” Typically, when girls engage in violence that is not strictly self-defense, they are labeled “delinquent,” their actions taken as a sign of emotional pathology. However, in Why Girls Fight, Cindy D. Ness demonstrates that in poor urban areas this kind of street fighting is seen as a normal part of girlhood and a necessary way to earn respect among peers, as well as a way for girls to attain a sense of mastery and self-esteem in a social setting where legal opportunities for achievement are not otherwise easily available. Ness spent almost two years in west and northeast Philadelphia to get a sense of how teenage girls experience inflicting physical harm and the meanings they assign to it. While most existing work on girls’ violence deals exclusively with gangs, Ness sheds new light on the everyday street fighting of urban girls, arguing that different cultural standards associated with race and class influence the relationship that girls have to physical aggression.Female juvenile delinquentsUnited StatesTeenage girlsPsychologyInner citiesUnited StatesMinoritiesUnited StatesPsychologyCindy.Fight.Ness.achievement.among.areas.attain.available.demonstrates.earn.easily.fighting.girlhood.girls.kind.legal.mastery.necessary.normal.opportunities.otherwise.part.peers.poor.respect.seen.self-esteem.sense.setting.social.street.that.this.urban.well.where.Female juvenile delinquentsTeenage girlsPsychology.Inner citiesMinoritiesPsychology.303.60835/20973Ness Cindy D.1959-1461716MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910785285003321Why girls fight3670372UNINA06105oam 22015134 450 991097403260332120250426110054.09781475565478147556547X97814755123421475512341(CKB)2670000000278926(EBL)1606898(SSID)ssj0000941796(PQKBManifestationID)11510026(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000941796(PQKBWorkID)10964334(PQKB)10276042(Au-PeEL)EBL1606898(CaPaEBR)ebr10627147(OCoLC)870245006(IMF)WPIEE2012195(IMF)WPIEA2012195(MiAaPQ)EBC1606898WPIEA2012195(EXLCZ)99267000000027892620020129d2012 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBarriers to Household Risk Management : Evidence from India /Robert Townsend, Shawn Cole, Jeremy Tobacman, Xavier Gine, James Vickery, Petia Topalova1st ed.Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2012.1 online resource (44 p.)IMF Working PapersIMF working paper ;WP/12/195Description based upon print version of record.9781475593686 1475593686 9781475505443 1475505442 Includes bibliographical references.Cover; Abstract; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Insurance Contract Design and Summary Statistics; A. Product Description; B. Summary Statistics; III. Experimental Design; IV. Experimental Results; A. Andhra Pradesh; B. Gujarat: Video Experiments; C. Gujarat: Flyer Experiments; V. Discussion of Experimental Results; A. Price Relative to Actuarial Value; B. Trust; C. Liquidity Constraints; D. Financial Literacy and Education; E. Framing, Salience and Other Behavioral Factors; VI. Non-Experimental Evidence; A. Correlates of Insurance Purchase; B. Self-Reported Explanations for Non-PurchaseVII. Improving Household Risk Management: Tentative Lessons and ConclusionsReferences; VIII. AppendixWhy do many households remain exposed to large exogenous sources of non-systematic income risk? We use a series of randomized field experiments in rural India to test the importance of price and non-price factors in the adoption of an innovative rainfall insurance product. Demand is significantly price sensitive, but widespread take-up would not be achieved even if the product offered a payout ratio comparable to U.S. insurance contracts. We present evidence suggesting that lack of trust, liquidity constraints and limited salience are significant non-price frictions that constrain demand. We suggest contract design improvements to mitigate these frictions.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2012/195Financial riskIndiaRisk managementIndiaActuarial StudiesimfAsset and liability managementimfConsumptionimfCorporate Finance and GovernanceimfEconomic Development: Financial MarketsimfEconomicsimfEducationimfEducation: GeneralimfField ExperimentsimfFinanceimfFinance: GeneralimfFinancial Institutions and Services: GeneralimfFinancial institutionsimfFinancial InstrumentsimfIndustries: Financial ServicesimfInstitutional InvestorsimfInsurance & actuarial studiesimfInsurance CompaniesimfInsurance companiesimfInsuranceimfInvestment DecisionsimfLiquidityimfMacroeconomicsimfMacroeconomics: ConsumptionimfNational accountsimfNon-bank Financial InstitutionsimfPension FundsimfPersonal FinanceimfPortfolio ChoiceimfSaving and Capital InvestmentimfSavingimfWealthimfUnited StatesimfFinancial riskRisk managementActuarial StudiesAsset and liability managementConsumptionCorporate Finance and GovernanceEconomic Development: Financial MarketsEconomicsEducationEducation: GeneralField ExperimentsFinanceFinance: GeneralFinancial Institutions and Services: GeneralFinancial institutionsFinancial InstrumentsIndustries: Financial ServicesInstitutional InvestorsInsurance & actuarial studiesInsurance CompaniesInsurance companiesInsuranceInvestment DecisionsLiquidityMacroeconomicsMacroeconomics: ConsumptionNational accountsNon-bank Financial InstitutionsPension FundsPersonal FinancePortfolio ChoiceSaving and Capital InvestmentSavingWealth332.1;332.152Townsend Robert248120Cole Shawn1816325Gine Xavier1816326Tobacman Jeremy1816327Topalova Petia1816328Vickery James1816329DcWaIMFBOOK9910974032603321Barriers to Household Risk Management4372333UNINA