11664nam 2200733 a 450 991097327530332120251017110104.09786610221516978128022151412802215189780309567367030956736X97805850472250585047227(CKB)110986584750788(EBL)3377167(SSID)ssj0000111656(PQKBManifestationID)11143322(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000111656(PQKBWorkID)10080901(PQKB)11612834(MiAaPQ)EBC3377167(Perlego)4735373(DNLM)1643001(BIP)160747(EXLCZ)9911098658475078819871105d1988 ua 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBiodiversity /E. O. Wilson, editor, Frances M. Peter, associate editor1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19881 online resource (535 p.)"The source of the book is the National Forum on BioDiversity, held in Washington, D.C., on September 21-24, 1986, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences and Smithsonian Institution"--P. v.9780309037396 0309037395 Includes bibliographies and index.Biodiversity -- Copyright -- EDITOR'S FOREWORD -- Contents -- Chapter 1 The Current State of Biological Diversity -- THE AMOUNT OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- THE NATURAL LONGEVITY OF SPECIES -- RAIN FORESTS AS CENTERS OF DIVERSITY -- HOW MUCH DIVERSITY IS BEING LOST? -- HOW FAST IS DIVERSITY DECLINING? -- WHAT CAN BE DONE? -- References -- PART 1 CHALLENGES TO THE PRESERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY -- Chapter 2 The Loss of Diversity Causes and Consequences -- References -- Chapter 3 Tropical Forests and Their Species Going, Going … ? -- TROPICAL FORESTS -- EXTINCTION RATES: FUTURE -- TROPICAL FOREST AND CLIMATIC CHANGE -- REPERCUSSIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF EVOLUTION -- References -- Chapter 4 Ecological Diversity in Coastal Zones and Oceans -- COASTS AND OCEANS-A WORLD VIEW -- LIFE ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF TAXONOMY -- ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- CONCLUSIONS IN PROSPECT -- References -- Chapter 5 Diversity Crises in the Geological Past -- THE PHANEROZOIC RECORD OF EXTINCTION -- EXTINCTION RATES IN DEEP TIME -- EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF PAST EXTINCTIONS -- EXTINCTION IN SHALLOW TIME: THE PLEISTOCENE EXPERIENCE -- RESEARCH FOR THE FUTURE -- References -- Chapter 6 Estimating Reductions in the Diversity of Tropical Forest Species -- THE ACCEPTED VIEW -- NUMBER OF SPECIES IN THE TROPICS -- RATE OF CHANGE IN TROPICAL FOREST AREAS -- DIVERSITY OF FOREST TYPES IN THE TROPICS -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEFORESTATION RATE AND LOSS OF SPECIES -- SEEKING A BETTER ESTIMATE -- CALLING ATTENTION TO THE POSITIVE TERMS IN THE SPECIES EXTINCTION ISSUE -- NEED FOR BETTER LAND AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter 7 Challenges to Biological Diversity in Urban Areas -- References -- PART 2 HUMAN DEPENDANCE ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- Chapter 8 Deep Ecology Meets the Developing World -- References -- Chapter 9 Screening Plants for New Medicines.THE GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS -- THE IMPORTANCE OF HERBAL DRUGS -- In Hong Kong -- In Japan -- In the People's Republic of China -- THE SEARCH FOR NEW PLANT DRUGS -- Use of the NAPRALERT Data Base -- PHARMACOLOGICAL INTEREST IN NATURAL PRODUCTS -- APPROACHES TO DRUG DISCOVERY FROM PLANTS -- LACK OF INTEREST IN NEW DRUG DISCOVERY PROGRAMS FROM PLANTS -- SUMMARY -- References -- Chapter 10 Serendipity in the Exploration of Biodiversity What Good are Weedy Tomatoes? -- THE DISCOVERY OF A NEW TOMATO -- HOW MUCH IS A WILD TOMATO WORTH? -- A NEW SPECIES OF WILD MAIZE -- THE CONTINUING IMPORTANCE OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION -- References -- Chapter 11 The Outlook for new Agricultural and Industrial Products from the Tropics -- AGRICULTURE -- NEW CROPS -- IMPROVEMENT OF CROP SPECIES THROUGH CROSS-BREEDING -- NATURAL PESTICIDES -- INDUSTRY -- FATS AND OILS -- FIBERS -- THE ROLE OF THE ETHNOBOTANIST -- References -- PART 3 DIVERSITY AT RISK: TROPICAL FORESTS -- Chapter 12 Our Diminishing Tropical Forests -- Chapter 13 The Tropical Forest Canopy The Heart of Biotic Diversity -- THE PROBLEM -- THE HISTORY -- References -- Chapter 14 Tropical Dry Forests The Most Endangered Major Tropical Ecosystem -- DIVERSITY IN THE DRY FOREST -- A MANY-FACED THREAT -- FUTURE PROSPECTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter 15 Deforestation and Indians in Brazilian Amazonia -- THE YANOMAMI OF NORTHERN BRAZIL -- THE KAYAPO OF CENTRAL BRAZIL -- THE RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION -- INDIAN PRODUCTIVITY IN THE TROPICAL FOREST -- THE IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION ON INDIAN LIFE -- INDIAN MANAGERS OF THE RAIN FORESTS -- References -- Chapter 16 Primate Diversity and the Tropical Forest Case Studies from Brazil and Madagascar and Importance of the… -- References -- PART 4 DIVERSITY AT RISK: THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE.Chapter 17 Lessons from Mediterranean-Climate Regions -- COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE REGIONS -- MEDITERRANEAN-CLIMATE FLORISTIC DIVERSITY -- South Africa -- California -- The Mediterranean Basin -- INCREASING BIOTIC DIVERSITY-THE INVADERS -- References -- Chapter 18 Structural and Functional Diversity in Temperate Forests -- MAINTAINING SUCCESSIONAL STATES -- MAINTAINING STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY -- PROTECTING AQUATIC DIVERSITY -- DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS -- INCORPORATING BIODIVERSITY OBJECTIVES INTO MANAGEMENT -- References -- Chapter 19 Diversity in and Among Grasslands -- GRAZING AND AGRICULTURE CONVERSIONS -- MORE SUBTLE IMPACTS -- References -- Chapter 20 Diversity and Biological Invasions of Oceanic Islands -- SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM -- WHY ARE ISLANDS SUSCEPTIBLE? -- WHAT CAN BE DONE? -- IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM SPECIES -- Herbivorous Mammals -- Predators -- Ecosystem-Level Effects -- Invasion of Intact Native Ecosystems -- IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL HABITATS -- HABITAT DESTRUCTION -- ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON ISLANDS -- References -- PART 5 THE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY -- Chapter 21 Economics and the Preservation of Biodiversity -- References -- Chapter 22 Commodity, Amenity, and Morality The Limits of Quantification in Valuing Biodiversity -- References -- Chapter 23 The Rise of the Global Exchange Economy and the Loss of Biological Diversity -- References -- Chapter 24 Why Put a Value on Biodiversity? -- References -- Chapter 25 What Mainstream Economists Have to Say About the Value Biodiversity -- WELFARE CHANGE MEASUREMENT IMPLEMENTS AN EXPLICIT ETHICAL FRAMEWORK -- THE ECONOMIC APPROACH IS NOT LIMITED TO THE COMMERCIAL DOMAIN -- THERE IS AN (ALMOST) ADEQUATE CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR ECONOMIC VALUATION OF BIODIVERSITY.TECHNIQUES FOR EMPIRICAL VALUATION EXIST AND ARE APPLICABLE TO MANY BIODIVERSITY ISSUES, BUT LACK OFINFORMATION CAN BE… -- POLICY DECISION CRITERIA HAVE BEEN PROPOSED -- THE EMPIRICAL CUPBOARD IS NOT BARE -- FURTHER COMMENTS ON THE MAINSTREAM ECONOMICS APPROACH -- References -- PART 6 HOW IS BIODIVERSITY MONITORED AND PROTECTED -- Chapter 26 Monitoring Biological Diversity for Setting Priorities in Conservation -- THE GAP ANALYSIS CONCEPT -- AN UNDERLYING CONCEPT -- References -- Chapter 27 Information Management for the Conservation of Biodiversity -- NATURAL HERITAGE DATA CENTERS -- NETWORKING AND CENTRAL DATA BASES -- APPLICATIONS OF THE DATA -- INTERACTIONS WITH SCIENTISTS AND THE PUBLIC -- References -- Chapter 28 Identifying and Protecting the Origins of Our Food Plants -- THE INTERNATIONAL BOARD FOR PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM -- CROP ORIGINS AND GERMPLASM USE -- EVALUATION OF THE RESOURCES -- SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR GENETIC RESOURCES WORK -- EX SITU AND IN SITU PRESERVATION -- References -- Chapter 29 Conserving and Monitoring Biotic Diversity Some African Examples -- BIOGEOGRAPHIC SETTING -- PATTERNS OF SPECIES RICHNESS AND ENDEMISM -- APPROACHES TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOTIC DIVERSITY IN AFRICA -- BIOTIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS -- ASSESSING THE ADEQUACY OF CURRENT PROTECTED AREA COVER -- IDENTIFYING GAPS IN THE NETWORK -- MONITORING THE SYSTEM -- LESSONS LEARNED -- References -- PART 7 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: HOW CAN THEY HELP -- Chapter 30 Can Technology Aid Species Preservation? -- FOUR OBSTACLES TO SPECIES SURVIVAL -- PROBLEM AND APPLICATION -- LIMITATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- NUMBERS VERSUS TECHNOLOGY -- TECHNOLOGY IS EXPENSIVE -- BUYING TIME -- References -- Chapter 31 Conservation of Biological Diversity in Botanical Gardens -- METHODS OF EX SITU CONSERVATION -- THE GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF EX SITU CONSERVATION.SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES -- WHAT THEN IS THE SPECIFIC ROLE FOR BOTANICAL GARDENS IN CONSERVATION? -- References -- Chapter 32 Using Science and Technology to Reestablish Species Lost in Nature -- REINTRODUCTIONS -- CAPTIVE BREEDING IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT -- References -- Chapter 33 Intensive Technology in the Care of Ex Situ Populations of Vanishing Species -- SCOPE OF EX SITU MANAGEMENT PROBLEM -- NUTRITION -- ANIMAL RESTRAINT AND CAPTURE -- BIOMEDICAL RESOURCES -- IDENTIFICATION AND DATA COLLECTION -- REPRODUCTION -- POPULATION BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -- COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND ISIS -- IN SITU AND EX SITU METHODS -- ETHICS AND VALUE SYSTEMS -- References -- Chapter 34 Cryobiology, Embryo Transfer, and Artificial Insemination in Ex Situ Animal Conservation Programs -- EMBRYO TRANSFER -- CRYOPRESERVATION OF EMBRYOS -- ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION -- SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION -- FUTURE PROSPECTS -- References -- PART 8 RESTORATION ECOLOGY: CAN WE RECOVER LOST GROUND? -- Chapter 35 Ecological Restoration Reflections on a Half-Century of Experience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison… -- PIONEERING RESTORATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON ARBORETUM -- TECHNICAL, ECOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY -- SOCIAL, ECONOMIC FACTORS -- References -- Chapter 36 Restoring Diversity in Salt Marshes Can We Do It? -- RESTORATION PLANS -- Projects that Show Losses in Wetland Area -- Projects That Replace Functional Wetland Habitat with Modified Wetland Habitat -- CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING RESTORATION PLANNING -- IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATION PROJECTS -- Assessing Success -- Summary of Trials -- Conclusions Concerning Implementation -- PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Chapter 37 Restoration of Degraded Lands in the Amazon Basin -- NATURAL DISTURBANCES IN AMAZONIA -- DISTURBANCE BY HUMANS IN AMAZONIA.A ROLE FOR RESTORATION ECOLOGY.Intended for scientists and nonscientists, this book focuses on the loss of plant and animal species to increasing human population pressure and the demands of economic development. It creates a framework for analyzing the problem and searching for possible solutions.Biodiversity conservationCongressesBiodiversityCongressesBiodiversity conservationBiodiversity333.7/2Wilson Edward O13902Peter Frances M1813349National Academy of Sciences (U.S.),Smithsonian Institution,National Forum on BioDiversity.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910973275303321Biodiversity4366400UNINA