06314nam 2200721Ia 450 991097203050332120251017110106.01-280-21486-497866102148600-309-59477-40-585-16839-3(CKB)111004366657432(OCoLC)70746391(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056757(SSID)ssj0000249173(PQKBManifestationID)11194265(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000249173(PQKBWorkID)10205709(PQKB)11055891(MiAaPQ)EBC3376484(Au-PeEL)EBL3376484(CaPaEBR)ebr10056757(CaONFJC)MIL21486(OCoLC)923264131(NjHacI)99111004366657432(DNLM)1641726(EXLCZ)9911100436665743220040925d1988 my 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrSpace science in the twenty-first century imperatives for the decades 1995 to 2015 : report of the study steering group /Space Science Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19881 online resource (153 p.) Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW-3482 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.0-309-03880-4 Space Science in the Twenty-First Century: Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015 -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- OVERVIEW -- EXOBIOLOGY -- GLOBAL BIOLOGY/BIOSPHERIC SCIENCE -- CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (CELSS) -- SPACE BIOLOGY -- HUMAN BIOLOGY AND SPACE MEDICINE -- IMPLEMENTATION -- 2 Exobiology -- WHAT IS EXOBIOLOGY? -- PLANETARY EXPLORATION AND THE NEED FOR SPACE DATA -- RESEARCH TOPICS -- Formation and Evolution of Biogenic Elements and Compounds -- Nucleosynthesis and Ejection to the Interstellar Medium -- Chemical Evolution in the Interstellar Medium -- Protostellar Collapse -- Chemical Evolution in the Solar Nebula -- Growth of Planetesimals from Dust -- Accumulation and Thermal Processing of Planetoids -- Prebiotic and Chemical Evolution -- Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transduction -- Early Life -- Replication and Transcription -- Translation -- Clays and Other Minerals as Catalysts -- Lipids and Compartments -- Early Biological Evolution -- The Evolution of Complex and Higher Organisms -- Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) -- SPACE MISSIONS -- Introduction -- Pre-1995 Planetary Missions -- Venus -- Mars -- Comets and Asteroids -- Outer Planets -- Planetary Missions After 1995 -- Sample Return Missions: The Next Step -- Targets and Strategies for Future Missions -- Sample Return from Mars -- Comet Sample Return -- In Situ Studies of Titan -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Global Biology / Biospheric Science -- BACKGROUND -- BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS -- Biosphere-Climate Interactions -- Biosphere-Atmospheric Chemistry Interactions -- GLOBAL ECOLOGY -- Global Ecology Models and Data Handling -- 4 Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) -- DEFINITION -- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES -- ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- 5 Space Biology -- THE PROBLEMS -- WORK TO DATE -- FUTURE WORK.Special Requirements -- 6 Human Biology and Space Medicine -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL USE OF ANIMALS -- Approach to Scientific Questions -- NEUROSENSORY PHYSIOLOGY -- Introduction -- Background -- Flight Experience -- Space Motion Sickness -- Vestibulo-Spinal Reflexes -- Proposed Research -- Overview -- Visual System -- Tactile and Proprioceptive Systems -- BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM -- Introduction -- Background -- Flight Experience -- Cellular Mechanisms -- Possibility of Urinary Tract Stone Formation -- Proposed Research -- Characterization -- Cellular Mechanisms -- Nutrition -- Summary -- MUSCLE METABOLISM -- Introduction -- Background -- Flight Experience -- Ground-Based Studies -- Proposed Research -- CARDIOVASCULAR, PULMONARY, AND RENAL SYSTEMS -- Introduction -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Cardiovascular Conditioning -- Pulmonary Function -- Renal Function -- Conclusions and Recommendation -- INTEGRATED FUNCTIONS -- Introduction -- Nutrition -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Immune System -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Other Systems -- RADIATION EFFECTS -- Introduction -- Background -- Space Radiation Environment -- Spacecraft Radiation Environment -- Biological Effects -- Proposed Research -- BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE -- Introduction -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Overview -- Environmental Factors -- Individual Factors -- Group Factors -- Integrative Factors -- Technology and Scientific Resource Requirements -- HEALTH MAINTENANCE -- Introduction -- Types of Care -- Unique Environmental Stresses -- Microorganisms -- Aerosols and Particulates -- Toxic Volatiles -- Water, Air, and Temperature -- Proposed Research -- 7 International Cooperation in Space Life Sciences -- 1. ONGOING AGREEMENTS AND MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) -- 2. AGREEMENTS PENDING -- 3. AGREEMENTS FINISHED -- 8 Instrumentation and Technology.INTRODUCTION -- EXOBIOLOGY -- General -- Specific Needs -- GLOBAL BIOLOGY -- General -- Specific Needs -- SPACE BIOLOGY -- General -- Specific Needs -- SPACE MEDICINE -- General -- Specific Needs -- CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (CELSS) -- General -- Specific Needs -- COMPUTATION, INTEGRATION, AND ROBOTICS.Life sciencesSpace sciencesAstronomyCosmic physicsSpace biologyPlanetsExplorationRelativity (Physics)Space sciences.Astronomy.Cosmic physics.Space biology.PlanetsExploration.Relativity (Physics)500.5MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910972030503321Space science in the twenty-first century4368175UNINA