11471nam 2200673 a 450 991097111220332120251116181911.01-62081-807-8(CKB)2550000001043869(EBL)3021833(SSID)ssj0000880513(PQKBManifestationID)12411361(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000880513(PQKBWorkID)10895310(PQKB)10226030(MiAaPQ)EBC3021833(Au-PeEL)EBL3021833(CaPaEBR)ebr10686137(OCoLC)923667088(BIP)28516362(EXLCZ)99255000000104386920091021d2012 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrThe pineal gland and melatonin recent advances in development, imaging, disease and treatment /Mehmet Turgut and Raj Kumar, editors1st ed.New York Nova Science Publishersc20121 online resource (492 p.)Endocrinology research and clinical developmentsDescription based upon print version of record.1-60876-717-5 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- THE PINEAL GLAND AND MELATONIN RECENT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT, IMAGING, DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- THE PINEAL GLAND AND MELATONIN RECENT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT, IMAGING, DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- The Allegory of the Kônarion: A Philosophical History of the Pineal Organ from Galen to Descartes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Galenic Assumptions -- The Medieval Pineal Organ -- The Cartesian Pineal Paradigm -- Conclusion -- References -- Pineal Oculopotency: Factors and Developmental Milieu for Pineal Cell Differentiation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development of Avian Pineal Organs and Inductive Tissue Interaction -- 3. Pineal Retinopotency in Cell Culture of the Developing Rat -- 3.1. Differentiation of Rod Cell in Rat Pineal Culture -- 3.2. Differentiation of Neuronal Cells and Other Type of Cells in Rat Pineal Culture -- 4. Pineal Retinopotency in Cell Culture of the Avian Embryos -- 4.1. Regulation of Different Types of Photoreceptor Differentiation in Avian Pineal Cultures -- 4.2. Differentiation of Neuronal and Endocrinal Cells in Avian Pineal Culture -- 5. Pineal Oculopotency and Regulatory Factors -- 5.1. Lens Cell Differentiation -- 5.2. Differentiation of Pigment Epithelial Cells -- 5.3. Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers -- 6. Pineal Retinopotency Revealed by Reaggregated 3D-Spheres from Developing Pineal Cells -- Conclusive Remarks and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Anatomy of the Human Pineal Gland -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Anatomy of the Human Pineal Gland -- Internal Structure of the Human Pineal Gland -- Blood Supply of the Human Pineal Gland -- A. Pineal Arteries -- Medial Posterior Choroidal Artery -- Collicular Artery -- Superior Cerebellar Artery -- Posterior Pericallosal Artery -- B. Pineal Veins.Neural Innervation of the Human Pineal Gland -- A. Sympathetic Innervation -- B. Parasympathetic Innervation -- Structures Surrounding the Pineal Gland -- A. Neural Structures Surrounding the Pineal Gland -- B. Subarachnoid Cisterns Surrounding the Pineal Gland -- References -- Development and Histology of the Pineal Gland in Humans -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Melatonin -- Embryology of Human Pineal Gland -- Histology of the Pineal Gland -- The Cells of Pineal Gland -- Pinealocyte -- Interstitial Cells -- Perivascular Phagocytes -- Neurons -- Peptidergic Neuron-Like Cells -- Pineal Gland in Mammalian Fetus -- Histology of the Pineal Gland in the Elderly Human -- References -- The Vascular Architectural and Functional Features in the Pineal Gland -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Vascular Architectural Features -- Pineal Arteries -- Pineal Veins -- Internal Vasculature of the Pineal Gland -- Functional Features -- Barrier Function -- Secretory Function -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Pineal Gland, Melatonin and Hypoxia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Development of the Pineal Gland -- Cells in the Pineal Gland -- Changes in the Pineal Gland in Hypoxic Injury -- Hypoxic Injury and the Central Nervous System -- Melatonin, Blood-Brain Barrier and Edema -- Melatonin and Hypoxic Injury to the Developing Brain -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Pineal Gland: Neurobiology, Physiology and Molecular Pathways -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pineal Gland Neurobiology -- Pineal Gland Physiology -- Molecular Pathways of Pineal Gland -- Biological Significance of the Pineal Gland and the Melatonin -- Circadian and Seasonal Cycle Regulation -- Antioxidant Function of Melatonin -- Immune Response of Melatonin -- Conclusion -- References -- Melatonin and Sleep -- Abstract -- Biologic Rhythms, Melatonin and Sleep.Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders and Melatonin -- Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome -- Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome -- Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Cycles in Blind Individuals -- Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm (ISWR) -- Time Zone Change (Jet Lag) -- Night Shift Work -- Older Individuals -- Pharmacologic Treatment -- Chronobiotic Effects -- Hypnotic Effects -- Side Effects -- References -- Melatonin and Ocular Physiology -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Light Control of Pineal Melatonin Secretion -- Melatonin Synthesis and Receptors -- Melatonin Synthesis and Action within the Eye -- The Retina -- Intraocular Pressure -- The Lens -- The Cornea -- The Sclera -- The Choroid -- Tear Film -- Conclusions -- References -- Melatonin and its Role in the Inflammatory Processes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Melatonin and Inflammatory Cells -- Melatonin and Cytokines -- Melatonin and Inflammation -- Melatonin and Inflammatory Enzymes -- Melatonin in Injury and Repair -- Melatonin and Inflammatory Diseases -- Conclusion -- References -- Role of Pineal Melatonin in Gastroprotection -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pineal Gland and Melatonin as the Important Mediators of the Gastric Secretion and Gastric Mucosal Integrity -- Mechanism of the Gastroprotective and Ulcer Healing Actions of Melatonin. Role of Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Nitric Oxide (NOS) Synthase Products -- Importance of Brain-Gut Axis and Pineal Gland in the Gastroprotection and Ulcer Healing by Melatonin and L-Tryptophan -- Interaction of Exogenous and Endogenous Melatonin with Specific Melatonin Receptors and GIT Hormones in the Mechanism of Ulcer Healing -- References -- Possible Therapeutic Value of Melatonin in Alzheimer's Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Melatonin and Alzheimer's Disease -- Melatonin and Amyloid-Β: Antioxidant, Antifibrillogenic and Cytoskeletal Effects.Melatonin Levels in Alzheimer's Disease -- Sleep-Wake and Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities in AD Patients -- Melatonin as a Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease -- Melatonin in Mild Cognitive Impairment -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Melatonin as an Adjuvant Agent in Treatment of Malignant Tumours -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Anti-Oxydative Activity of Melatonin -- Receptor-Mediated Activity of Melatonin -- Immunostimulatory Activity of Melatonin -- Effect of Melatonin on Tumour Cells in Experimental Studies -- Studies Conducted In Vitro -- Studies on Experimental Animals -- Attempts to Apply Melatonin in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy in Humans -- Attempts to Apply Melatonin in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy -- Protective Activity of Melatonin during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy -- References -- The Pineal Gland, Melatonin and Scoliosis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Scoliosis - Pinealectomy and Melatonin -- Anatomic Similarities and Differences between Animal Models and Idiopathic Scoliosis -- Genetic Considerations in Animal Models and Idiopathic Scoliosis -- Melatonin and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis -- Melatonin and Calmodulin -- Melatonin, Growth and Maturation -- Melatonin, Osteoblasts and Osteoporosis -- Idiopathic Scoliosis and Brain Dysfunction/Lesions -- Conclusions -- References -- Clinical Signs of the Pineal Tumors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Intracranial Hypertension Signs -- 1. Headaches -- 2. Nausea and Vomiting -- 3. Visual Disturbances -- 4. Miscellaneous -- Eye Signs in Pineal Region Tumors -- 1. Functional Anatomy of the Mesencephalon -- 2. Parinaud Syndrome -- 3. Argyll-Robertson Syndrome -- 4. Nystagmus Retractorius -- 5. Other Ocular Signs -- Endocrinal Disorders in Pineal Tumors -- 1. Diabetes Insipidus -- 2. Precocious Puberty -- 3. Central Hypogonadism -- 4. Miscellaneous.Non-Specific Signs in Pineal Tumors -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Imaging of Pineal Region -- Abstract -- Introduction -- I. Imaging Methods and Radiological Features of Pineal Gland -- II. Radiological Anatomy -- III. Classification of Pineal Lesions -- 1. Developmental and Metabolic Abnormalities -- 2. Nonneoplastic Masses -- 3. Primary Tumors of Pineal Gland -- A) Tumors of Germ Cell Origin -- I). Tumors with Embryonic Differentiation -- II) Tumors with Extraembryonic Differentiation -- B) Tumors of Pineal Parenchyma -- C) Neoplasms of Supporting Elements or Adjacent Tissues -- 4. Systemic Tumors Affecting the Pineal Gland -- 5. Vascular Lesions -- 6. Infectious, Inflammatory and Granulomatous Diseases -- References -- Pineal Apoplexy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Clinical Presentation -- Risk Factors -- Differential Diagnosis -- Imaging Findings -- Management Options and Outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- Pineal Cysts -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Imaging -- Pathology -- Clinical Findings -- Natural History -- Management -- References -- Epidermoid Cysts of the Pineal Region -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Clinical Features -- Radiological Diagnosis -- Embryology, Pathology and Surgical Considerations -- Surgical Treatment -- Outcome -- Summary of Our Experience -- Clinical Presentation -- Radiological Features -- Surgery -- Outcome Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Pineal Region Tumors with Special References to Benign Tumors of the Pineal Region -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Neuroanatomy -- Classification of Pineal Tumors -- Germ-cell Tumors -- Pineal Parenchymal Tumors -- Other Lesions -- Tumors of the Supporting Tissue -- Pineal Cyst -- Histology -- Low-grade Astrocytoma -- Oligodendroglioma -- Meningioma -- Lipoma -- Teratoma -- Hemangioblastoma -- Choroid Plexus Neoplasm.Clinical Presentation.Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of the developmental anatomy, imaging, benign and malignant neoplasms of the pineal gland, and their treatment by endoscopic techniques and surgical procedures.Endocrinology research and clinical developments.Pineal glandMelatoninPineal glandDiseasesPineal gland.Melatonin.Pineal glandDiseases.612.4/9Turgut Mehmet966438Kumar Raj966439MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910971112203321The pineal gland and melatonin4479513UNINA