10234nam 2200733Ia 450 991096984790332120251116140704.09786610193585978128019358312801935819780309586801030958680197805850302270585030227(CKB)110986584751438(SSID)ssj0000264160(PQKBManifestationID)12077326(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000264160(PQKBWorkID)10291637(PQKB)10885361(MiAaPQ)EBC3376033(Au-PeEL)EBL3376033(CaPaEBR)ebr10055026(OCoLC)923260621(Perlego)4739802(BIP)1659667(EXLCZ)9911098658475143819920812d1994 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierConsequences and control /Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, editors1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19941 online resource (viii, 397 pages) illustrationaUnderstanding and preventing violence ;v.4"Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior, Committee on Law and Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council."9780309050791 0309050790 Includes bibliographical references and indexes.Understanding and Preventing Violence -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Public Perceptions and Reactions to Violent Offending and Victimization -- INTRODUCTION -- FEAR OF VICTIMIZATION -- CONCEPTUAL ISSUES -- MEASURING FEAR -- SURVEY RESEARCH ON FEAR -- OFFENSE-SPECIFIC FEAR -- SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FEAR -- OTHER CORRELATES -- CUES TO DANGER -- Dangerous Places -- Dangerous Persons -- Other Cues -- FEAR AND PRIOR VICTIMIZATION -- CONSEQUENCES OF FEAR -- SURVEY DATA ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF FEAR -- COLLECTIVE RESPONSES -- FEAR IN BROADER CONTEXT -- SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON VIOLENCE -- NEWS COVERAGE OF CRIME -- CRITICISMS OF MEDIA NEWS COVERAGE -- CRIME AS ENTERTAINMENT -- EFFECTS OF MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS -- INTERPERSONAL DIFFUSION OF CRIME NEWS -- PERCEIVED SERIOUSNESS OF OFFENSES -- PUBLIC OPINION ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE -- NORMATIVE EVALUATIONS OF PUNISHMENT -- VICTIM, OFFENDER, AND RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS -- ETHNOPENOLOGIES -- PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- FUTURE RESEARCH -- FEAR OF VICTIMIZATION -- OTHER ISSUES -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- The Costs and Consequences of Violent Behavior in the United States -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATING COSTS -- Comparison of Aggregate Crime Costs to Other Social Ills -- Comparison of Harm by Type of Victimization -- Benefit-Cost Analysis of Policy Options -- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES -- MONETARY VERSUS NONMONETARY COSTS -- Interdependency of Cost Categories -- Offsetting Benefits of Victimization -- Efficient Versus Inefficient Costs -- Fixed, Average, and Marginal Costs -- Real Versus Opportunity Costs -- Victim Assistance and Other Cost-Reducing Costs -- Time Frame for Cost Estimation -- COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- Direct Consequences of Violent Behavior -- Society's Response to Violent Behavior -- Offender Costs.COST OF CRIME AND INJURY LITERATURE -- Approaches to Measuring the Cost of Injury -- Cost of Crime Literature -- Cost of Injury Literature -- THE COST OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- COST OF VICTIM TREATMENT AND OTHER DIRECT COSTS -- Medical Care -- Mental Health Care -- Monetary Losses to Victims: Cash and Property -- Indirect Monetary and Nonmonetary Losses -- EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO VICTIMIZATION -- Victim Services -- Police Response Administrative Costs -- Emergency Transport -- VICTIM PRODUCTIVITY COSTS -- PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION COSTS -- Health and Life Insurance Claims -- Income Transfer Programs -- Property Insurance Claims -- Legal Costs Associated With Tort Claims -- Pain, Suffering, and Quality of Life Costs for Nonfatal Victims -- Evidence Using the Compensation Approach -- Evidence Using Willingness to Pay -- RISK OF DEATH -- QUALITY OF LIFE OF FAMILY MEMBERS OF VICTIM -- Increased Work Load of Family Members -- Loss of Companionship/Consortium -- Psychological Injury to Family Member -- PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA TO WITNESSES OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- INJURIES CAUSED BY EARLIER VICTIMS -- COST OF SOCIETY'S RESPONSE TO VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AND FEAR OF CRIME -- Monetary Expenditures for Crime Prevention -- Crime Prevention Behavior -- Fear of Crime -- CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM COSTS -- Investigation, Prosecution, and Court-Related Costs -- Legal Fees Associated With Criminal Justice System -- Cost of Sanctions -- Victim and Witness Interaction With Criminal Justice System -- OTHER NONCRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMS -- INCARCERATED OFFENDER COSTS -- COST OF "OVERDETERRENCE -- COST OF "JUSTICE -- OFFENDER COSTS -- SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES -- WHO PAYS FOR VICTIM INJURIES? -- SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES.Violence and Intentional Injuries: Criminal Justice and Public Health Perspectives on an Urgent National Problem -- INTRODUCTION -- CRIMINAL VIOLENCE" AND "INTENTIONAL INJURIES": DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF A SHARED CONCERN -- THE COMMON CONCERN: INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE -- SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE -- Criminal Justice Emphasis on the Offender -- Public Health Focus on the Victim -- PROBLEMS RELATED TO INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE -- Violence and "Nonviolent" Crimes -- Violence and Relationships -- TOWARD A SYNTHESIS -- ''INTENTIONS OF OFFENDERS" AND "RISK FACTORS FOR VIOLENCE": TWO DIFFERENT CAUSAL PARADIGMS -- CRIMINAL JUSTICE: THE INTENTIONS OF OFFENDERS -- PUBLIC HEALTH: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH -- Vectors, Hosts, and Environments -- Timing of Interventions -- Complex Sociological Prevention -- SOCIOLOGICAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSES -- Spatial and Temporal Location of Crimes -- Situational Analyses of Crime Causation -- Criminogenic Commodities -- DANGEROUS OFFENDERS AS VECTORS OF VIOLENCE -- WIDENING CRIMINAL JUSTICE CONCEPTIONS OF CAUSATION -- FAVORED POLICY APPROACHES -- REACTIVE VERSUS PREVENTIVE APPROACHES -- PREVENTIVE APPROACHES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE -- Deterrence, Incapacitation, and Rehabilitation -- Juvenile Delinquency Prevention -- Controlling Criminogenic Commodities -- Situational Approaches to Crime Control -- PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACHES TO VIOLENCE PREVENTION -- Violence in the Context of Relations -- Innovative Approaches to Youth Violence -- Environmental Approaches to Prevention -- Cultural Approaches to Violence Prevention -- LAW VERSUS EDUCATION IN BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES -- TOWARD A SYNTHESIS -- RESOURCES: TROOPS, ANALYSTS, AND COMMUNITY LEADERS -- WHO HAS THE TROOPS? -- PUBLIC HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FIGHT -- KEY VALUES: JUSTICE VERSUS HEALTH -- NOTE -- REFERENCES.Predicting Violent Behavior and Classifying Violent Offenders -- INTRODUCTION -- TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PREDICTION AND CLASSIFICATION -- DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN PREDICTION AND CLASSIFICATION -- MEASURES OF QUALITY -- Validity -- Reliability -- Accuracy -- CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION METHODS -- Formal and Informal Methods -- Selection Bias -- Determining the Importance of Potential Predictive Factors -- CORRELATES AND CAUSES OF VIOLENCE -- CLASSIFICATION -- PURPOSES AND POPULATIONS CLASSIFIED -- TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION -- Psychological Tests-Rapid Assessments -- Psychological Tests-Multivariate Scaling Techniques -- Psychiatric Classifications -- Correctional Classification -- Clinical Predictions -- Official Record Data -- Self-Reports -- Epidemiologic Studies -- Observational Studies -- CONGRUENT FINDINGS ABOUT INDIVIDUALS CLASSIFIED AS VIOLENT PERSONS -- PREDICTION -- METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUE -- Censoring Events -- Sample Selection Bias -- Statistical Limitations -- Efficient Use of Data -- PREDICTING VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- Occurrence Models -- Rate of Violence Models -- ACCURACY OF PREDICTION -- SUMMARY OF OUR REVIEW OF THE PREDICTION OF VIOLENCE -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Incarceration and Violent Crime: 1965-1988 -- DATA -- PRISON POPULATIONS -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CHANGING INCARCERATION RATES -- CHANGES IN OFFENDING -- CHANGES IN SANCTION POLICIES -- Arrest Risk per Crime, qa -- Certainty and Severity of Imprisonment -- IDENTIFYING THE COMPONENTS OF CHANGE IN INCARCERATION RATES -- SUMMARY -- CRIME CONTROL EFFECTS OF INCARCERATION FOR VIOLENT CRIMES -- INCAPACITATION OF VIOLENT CRIMES -- Individual Offending Frequency -- Heterogeneity in Individual Offending Frequencies -- Career Length (L) -- Incapacitation Under Offender Heterogeneity and Finite Careers.Remaining Sources of Bias in Incapacitation Estimates -- DETERRENCE AND INCAPACITATION -- Exploratory Estimates of Deterrence Effects -- Remaining Sources of Bias in Deterrence Estimates -- POLICY CHOICES IN EXPANDING INCARCERATION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Index.This volume analyzes public perceptions and reactions to violence; estimates of the costs; the commonalities and complementarities of criminal justice and public health responses; efforts to reduce violence through the prediction and classification of violent offenders; and the relationships between trends in violence and prison population during a period of greatly increased use of incarceration.ViolenceUnited StatesPreventionViolenceUnited StatesViolent crimesUnited StatesViolencePrevention.ViolenceViolent crimes303.6Reiss Albert J103070Roth Jeffrey A.1945-1094633MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910969847903321Consequences and control4356543UNINA